Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial
Summary
The goal of this study is to learn if combination antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) is more effective than aspirin alone for the prevention of recurrent stroke and cognitive decline, and if intensive blood pressure control is associated with fewer recurrent strokes and cognitive decline. On July 21, 2011 the DSMB recommended terminating the anti platelet arm of the study due to an imbalance of overall and major non-CNS hemorrhagic SAE's and total deaths in the investigational anti platelet combination of aspirin + clopidogrel and an interim statistical analysis that demonstrated futility in the investigational anti platelet arm. It was recommended that patients be continued on standard care of aspirin mono therapy until their study close-out visit. Also, recommended the continuation and completion of the plood pressure arm following the protocol.
Timeline
- Start
- 2003-02
- Primary completion
- 2012-04
- Completion
- 2012-04
Publications
- Goldstein ED, Liew SQR, Shu L, Yaghi S. The impact of pre-stroke aspirin exposure on radiographic appearance and disability outcomes: A post-hoc analysis of the SPS3 trial: Aspirin Use and Small Subcortical Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024 Mar;33(3):107566. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107566. Epub 2024 Jan 10.
- Anadani M, Turan TN, Yaghi S, Spiotta AM, Gory B, Sharma R, Sheth KN, de Havenon A. Change in Smoking Behavior and Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: Post-Hoc Analysis of the SPS3 Trial. Stroke. 2023 Apr;54(4):921-927. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038202. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
- Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjon J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L. Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 18;11(11):CD010315. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub5.
- Natale P, Palmer SC, Saglimbene VM, Ruospo M, Razavian M, Craig JC, Jardine MJ, Webster AC, Strippoli GF. Antiplatelet agents for chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 28;2(2):CD008834. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008834.pub4.
- Shihab S, Boucher RE, Abraham N, Wei G, Beddhu S. Influence of Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure on the Effects of Intensive Systolic Blood Pressure Lowering on the Risk of Stroke. Hypertension. 2022 Apr;79(4):785-793. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18172. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
- Cukierman-Yaffe T, McClure LA, Risoli T, Bosch J, Sharma M, Gerstein HC, Benavente O. The Relationship Between Glucose Control and Cognitive Function in People With Diabetes After a Lacunar Stroke. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Mar 25;106(4):e1521-e1528. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab022.
- Saiz LC, Gorricho J, Garjon J, Celaya MC, Erviti J, Leache L. Blood pressure targets for the treatment of people with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Sep 9;9(9):CD010315. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010315.pub4.
- Blum MR, Scherzer R, Ikeme JC, Benavente OR, McClure LA, Peralta CA, Odden MC. Functional health and white matter hyperintensities as effect modifiers of blood pressure-lowering on cognitive function and vascular events in older Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes trial participants. J Hypertens. 2020 Aug;38(8):1578-1585. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002440.
- Agarwal A, Cheung AK, Ma J, Cho M, Li M. Effect of Baseline Kidney Function on the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and on Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Control in Patients With Previous Lacunar Stroke: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SPS3 Trial (Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes). J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Aug 20;8(16):e013098. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013098. Epub 2019 Aug 19.
- Ikeme JC, Pergola PE, Scherzer R, Shlipak MG, Catanese L, McClure LA, Benavente OR, Peralta CA. Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities, Kidney Function Decline, and Recurrent Stroke After Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering: Results From the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes ( SPS 3) Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Feb 5;8(3):e010091. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010091.
- Magvanjav O, McDonough CW, Gong Y, McClure LA, Talbert RL, Horenstein RB, Shuldiner AR, Benavente OR, Mitchell BD, Johnson JA; NINDS SiGN (Stroke Genetics Network). Pharmacogenetic Associations of beta1-Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms With Cardiovascular Outcomes in the SPS3 Trial (Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes). Stroke. 2017 May;48(5):1337-1343. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015936. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
- Wilson LK, Pearce LA, Arauz A, Anderson DC, Tapia J, Bazan C, Benavente OR, Field TS; SPS3 Investigators. Morphological classification of penetrating artery pontine infarcts and association with risk factors and prognosis: The SPS3 trial. Int J Stroke. 2016 Jun;11(4):412-9. doi: 10.1177/1747493016637366. Epub 2016 Mar 8.
- Boehme AK, McClure LA, Zhang Y, Luna JM, Del Brutto OH, Benavente OR, Elkind MS. Inflammatory Markers and Outcomes After Lacunar Stroke: Levels of Inflammatory Markers in Treatment of Stroke Study. Stroke. 2016 Mar;47(3):659-67. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012166.
- Peralta CA, McClure LA, Scherzer R, Odden MC, White CL, Shlipak M, Benavente O, Pergola P. Effect of Intensive Versus Usual Blood Pressure Control on Kidney Function Among Individuals With Prior Lacunar Stroke: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) Randomized Trial. Circulation. 2016 Feb 9;133(6):584-91. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019657. Epub 2016 Jan 13.
- Odden MC, McClure LA, Sawaya BP, White CL, Peralta CA, Field TS, Hart RG, Benavente OR, Pergola PE. Achieved Blood Pressure and Outcomes in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes Trial. Hypertension. 2016 Jan;67(1):63-9. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.115.06480. Epub 2015 Nov 9.
- McDonough CW, McClure LA, Mitchell BD, Gong Y, Horenstein RB, Lewis JP, Field TS, Talbert RL, Benavente OR, Johnson JA, Shuldiner AR. CYP2C19 metabolizer status and clopidogrel efficacy in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015 May 27;4(6):e001652. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001652.
- Pearce LA, McClure LA, Anderson DC, Jacova C, Sharma M, Hart RG, Benavente OR; SPS3 Investigators. Effects of long-term blood pressure lowering and dual antiplatelet treatment on cognitive function in patients with recent lacunar stroke: a secondary analysis from the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Dec;13(12):1177-85. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70224-8. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
- Field TS, McClure LA, White CL, Pergola PE, Hart RG, Benavente OR, Hill MD; SPS3 Investigators. Should Blood Pressure Targets After Lacunar Stroke Vary by Body Size? The SPS3 Trial. Am J Hypertens. 2015 Jun;28(6):756-64. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu228. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
- Asdaghi N, Pearce LA, Nakajima M, Field TS, Bazan C, Cermeno F, McClure LA, Anderson DC, Hart RG, Benavente OR; SPS3 Investigators. Clinical correlates of infarct shape and volume in lacunar strokes: the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes trial. Stroke. 2014 Oct;45(10):2952-8. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005211. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
- Sharma M, Pearce LA, Benavente OR, Anderson DC, Connolly SJ, Palacio S, Coffey CS, Hart RG. Predictors of mortality in patients with lacunar stroke in the secondary prevention of small subcortical strokes trial. Stroke. 2014 Oct;45(10):2989-94. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005789. Epub 2014 Aug 26.
- Palacio S, McClure LA, Benavente OR, Bazan C 3rd, Pergola P, Hart RG. Lacunar strokes in patients with diabetes mellitus: risk factors, infarct location, and prognosis: the secondary prevention of small subcortical strokes study. Stroke. 2014 Sep;45(9):2689-94. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005018. Epub 2014 Jul 17.
- Benavente OR, Pearce LA, Bazan C, Roldan AM, Catanese L, Bhat Livezey VM, Vidal-Pergola G, McClure LA, Hart RG; SPS3 Investigators. Clinical-MRI correlations in a multiethnic cohort with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 trial. Int J Stroke. 2014 Dec;9(8):1057-64. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12282. Epub 2014 May 27.
- Lewis BL, Pearce LA, Field TS, White CL, Benavente OR; SPS3 Investigators. The relevance of living supports on antiplatelet adherence and trial participation: the SPS3 trial. Int J Stroke. 2014 Jun;9(4):443-8. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12267. Epub 2014 Mar 24.
- Elkind MS, Luna JM, McClure LA, Zhang Y, Coffey CS, Roldan A, Del Brutto OH, Pretell EJ, Pettigrew LC, Meyer BC, Tapia J, White C, Benavente OR; LIMITS Investigators. C-reactive protein as a prognostic marker after lacunar stroke: levels of inflammatory markers in the treatment of stroke study. Stroke. 2014 Mar;45(3):707-16. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.113.004562. Epub 2014 Feb 12.
- Dhamoon MS, McClure LA, White CL, Lau H, Benavente O, Elkind MS. Quality of life after lacunar stroke: the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014 May-Jun;23(5):1131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.09.029. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
- White CL, Pergola PE, Szychowski JM, Talbert R, Cervantes-Arriaga A, Clark HD, Del Brutto OH, Godoy IE, Hill MD, Pelegri A, Sussman CR, Taylor AA, Valdivia J, Anderson DC, Conwit R, Benavente OR; SPS3 Investigators. Blood pressure after recent stroke: baseline findings from the secondary prevention of small subcortical strokes trial. Am J Hypertens. 2013 Sep;26(9):1114-22. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt076. Epub 2013 Jun 4.
- SPS3 Study Group; Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Conwit R, Hart RG, McClure LA, Pearce LA, Pergola PE, Szychowski JM. Blood-pressure targets in patients with recent lacunar stroke: the SPS3 randomised trial. Lancet. 2013 Aug 10;382(9891):507-15. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60852-1. Epub 2013 May 29.
- Jacova C, Pearce LA, Costello R, McClure LA, Holliday SL, Hart RG, Benavente OR. Cognitive impairment in lacunar strokes: the SPS3 trial. Ann Neurol. 2012 Sep;72(3):351-62. doi: 10.1002/ana.23733.
- SPS3 Investigators; Benavente OR, Hart RG, McClure LA, Szychowski JM, Coffey CS, Pearce LA. Effects of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with recent lacunar stroke. N Engl J Med. 2012 Aug 30;367(9):817-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1204133.
- Palacio S, Hart RG, Pearce LA, Benavente OR. Effect of addition of clopidogrel to aspirin on mortality: systematic review of randomized trials. Stroke. 2012 Aug;43(8):2157-62. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.656173.
- McClure LA, Szychowski JM, Benavente O, Coffey CS. Sample size re-estimation in an on-going NIH-sponsored clinical trial: the secondary prevention of small subcortical strokes experience. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012 Sep;33(5):1088-93. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jun 30.
- Graves JW, White CL, Szychowski JM, Pergola PE, Benavente OR, Coffey CS, Hornung LN, Hart RG; SPS3 Study Investigators. Predictors of lowering SBP to assigned targets at 12 months in the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes study. J Hypertens. 2012 Jun;30(6):1233-40. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328353968d.
- Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Derdeyn CP, Turan TN, Fiorella D, Lane BF, Janis LS, Lutsep HL, Barnwell SL, Waters MF, Hoh BL, Hourihane JM, Levy EI, Alexandrov AV, Harrigan MR, Chiu D, Klucznik RP, Clark JM, McDougall CG, Johnson MD, Pride GL Jr, Torbey MT, Zaidat OO, Rumboldt Z, Cloft HJ; SAMMPRIS Trial Investigators. Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 15;365(11):993-1003. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105335. Epub 2011 Sep 7.
- Benavente OR, White CL, Pearce L, Pergola P, Roldan A, Benavente MF, Coffey C, McClure LA, Szychowski JM, Conwit R, Heberling PA, Howard G, Bazan C, Vidal-Pergola G, Talbert R, Hart RG; SPS3 Investigators. The Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes (SPS3) study. Int J Stroke. 2011 Apr;6(2):164-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00573.x. Epub 2011 Jan 26.
- Elkind MS, Luna JM, Coffey CS, McClure LA, Liu KM, Spitalnik S, Paik MC, Roldan A, White C, Hart R, Benavente O. The Levels of Inflammatory Markers in the Treatment of Stroke study (LIMITS): inflammatory biomarkers as risk predictors after lacunar stroke. Int J Stroke. 2010 Apr;5(2):117-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2010.00420.x.
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparator | Clopidogrel | Small molecule | 75 mg | — |
| Comparator | Aspirin | Small molecule | 325 mg | — |