Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children With a Previous Urinary Tract Infection

Summary

Our hypothesis is that long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis does not reduce the recurrence of infection and the risk of appearance of kidney scars in children with a documented previous upper UTI.

Timeline

Start

2000-05

Primary completion

—

Completion

2006-07

Publications

• Background Chon CH, Lai FC, Shortliffe LM. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Dec;48(6):1441-59. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70385-0.
• Background Benfield MR, McDonald R, Sullivan EK, Stablein DM, Tejani A. The 1997 Annual Renal Transplantation in Children Report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study (NAPRTCS). Pediatr Transplant. 1999 May;3(2):152-67. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3046.1999.00011.x.
• Background Wennerstrom M, Hansson S, Jodal U, Stokland E. Primary and acquired renal scarring in boys and girls with urinary tract infection. J Pediatr. 2000 Jan;136(1):30-4. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(00)90045-3.
• Background Hoberman A, Wald ER, Hickey RW, Baskin M, Charron M, Majd M, Kearney DH, Reynolds EA, Ruley J, Janosky JE. Oral versus initial intravenous therapy for urinary tract infections in young febrile children. Pediatrics. 1999 Jul;104(1 Pt 1):79-86. doi: 10.1542/peds.104.1.79.
• Background Downs SM. Technical report: urinary tract infections in febrile infants and young children. The Urinary Tract Subcommittee of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Quality Improvement. Pediatrics. 1999 Apr;103(4):e54. doi: 10.1542/peds.103.4.e54.
• Background Hohenfellner K, Hunley TE, Brezinska R, Brodhag P, Shyr Y, Brenner W, Habermehl P, Kon V. ACE I/D gene polymorphism predicts renal damage in congenital uropathies. Pediatr Nephrol. 1999 Aug;13(6):514-8. doi: 10.1007/s004670050649.
• Background Bollgren I. Antibacterial prophylaxis in children with urinary tract infection. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1999 Nov;88(431):48-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01318.x.
• Background Williams G, Lee A, Craig J. Antibiotics for the prevention of urinary tract infection in children: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr. 2001 Jun;138(6):868-74. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2001.113785.
• Background Williams GJ, Lee A, Craig JC. Long-term antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD001534. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001534.
• Background Ghiro L, Cracco AT, Sartor M, Comacchio S, Zacchello G, Dall'Amico R; Veneto Urinary Tract Infection Study Group. Retrospective study of children with acute pyelonephritis. Evaluation of bacterial etiology, antimicrobial susceptibility, drug management and imaging studies. Nephron. 2002 Jan;90(1):8-15. doi: 10.1159/000046308.
• Montini G, Rigon L, Zucchetta P, Fregonese F, Toffolo A, Gobber D, Cecchin D, Pavanello L, Molinari PP, Maschio F, Zanchetta S, Cassar W, Casadio L, Crivellaro C, Fortunati P, Corsini A, Calderan A, Comacchio S, Tommasi L, Hewitt IK, Da Dalt L, Zacchello G, Dall'Amico R; IRIS Group. Prophylaxis after first febrile urinary tract infection in children? A multicenter, randomized, controlled, noninferiority trial. Pediatrics. 2008 Nov;122(5):1064-71. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-3770.
• Hewitt IK, Zucchetta P, Rigon L, Maschio F, Molinari PP, Tomasi L, Toffolo A, Pavanello L, Crivellaro C, Bellato S, Montini G. Early treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children fails to reduce renal scarring: data from the Italian Renal Infection Study Trials. Pediatrics. 2008 Sep;122(3):486-90. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2894.

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