Examination of Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (IHH)and Kallmann Syndrome (KS)

Summary

The purpose of the study is to examine how Kallmann syndrome (KS) and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) affect reproductive hormones. These disorders are caused by a defect in Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secretion. GnRH is a hormone released by a small gland in the brain called the hypothalamus. When GnRH is released, it signals another gland in the brain, the pituitary, to secrete the reproductive hormones that influence sex hormone (testosterone, estrogen) levels and gamete (sperm, egg cell) production. This study involves a detailed evaluation and 24-48 hours stay at the hospital. In this study, males and females ages 16 and older with IHH have a detailed evaluation which involves an overnight study at the hospital. Some men (18 years and older) may continue on to receive treatment with pulsatile GnRH. This treatment replaces the hormone which is absent in IHH and results in normalized testosterone and typically is effective in developing fertility.

Timeline

Start

1989-04

Primary completion

2019-05-16

Completion

2019-05-16

Publications

• Background Belchetz PE, Plant TM, Nakai Y, Keogh EJ, Knobil E. Hypophysial responses to continuous and intermittent delivery of hypopthalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Science. 1978 Nov 10;202(4368):631-3. doi: 10.1126/science.100883.
• Background Seminara SB, Hayes FJ, Crowley WF Jr. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in the human (idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann's syndrome): pathophysiological and genetic considerations. Endocr Rev. 1998 Oct;19(5):521-39. doi: 10.1210/edrv.19.5.0344. No abstract available.
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• Background Clarke IJ, Cummins JT. The temporal relationship between gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in ovariectomized ewes. Endocrinology. 1982 Nov;111(5):1737-9. doi: 10.1210/endo-111-5-1737. No abstract available.
• Background Karsch FJ, Bowen JM, Caraty A, Evans NP, Moenter SM. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone requirements for ovulation. Biol Reprod. 1997 Feb;56(2):303-9. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod56.2.303.
• Background Spratt DI, O'Dea LS, Schoenfeld D, Butler J, Rao PN, Crowley WF Jr. Neuroendocrine-gonadal axis in men: frequent sampling of LH, FSH, and testosterone. Am J Physiol. 1988 May;254(5 Pt 1):E658-66. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.5.E658.
• Background Hayes FJ, McNicholl DJ, Schoenfeld D, Marsh EE, Hall JE. Free alpha-subunit is superior to luteinizing hormone as a marker of gonadotropin-releasing hormone despite desensitization at fast pulse frequencies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Mar;84(3):1028-36. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.3.5579.
• Background Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Clinical review 4: Diagnosis and treatment of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Jan;70(1):3-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem-70-1-3. No abstract available.
• Background Simon D, Preziosi P, Barrett-Connor E, Roger M, Saint-Paul M, Nahoul K, Papoz L. Interrelation between plasma testosterone and plasma insulin in healthy adult men: the Telecom Study. Diabetologia. 1992 Feb;35(2):173-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00402551.
• Background Lichtenstein MJ, Yarnell JW, Elwood PC, Beswick AD, Sweetnam PM, Marks V, Teale D, Riad-Fahmy D. Sex hormones, insulin, lipids, and prevalent ischemic heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Oct;126(4):647-57. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114704.
• Background Seidell JC, Bjorntorp P, Sjostrom L, Kvist H, Sannerstedt R. Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism. 1990 Sep;39(9):897-901. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(90)90297-p.
• Background Pasquali R, Casimirri F, Cantobelli S, Melchionda N, Morselli Labate AM, Fabbri R, Capelli M, Bortoluzzi L. Effect of obesity and body fat distribution on sex hormones and insulin in men. Metabolism. 1991 Jan;40(1):101-4. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(91)90199-7.
• Background Barrett-Connor E. Lower endogenous androgen levels and dyslipidemia in men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Nov 15;117(10):807-11. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-117-10-807.
• Background Andersson B, Marin P, Lissner L, Vermeulen A, Bjorntorp P. Testosterone concentrations in women and men with NIDDM. Diabetes Care. 1994 May;17(5):405-11. doi: 10.2337/diacare.17.5.405.
• Background Ducimetiere P, Eschwege E, Papoz L, Richard JL, Claude JR, Rosselin G. Relationship of plasma insulin levels to the incidence of myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease mortality in a middle-aged population. Diabetologia. 1980 Sep;19(3):205-10. doi: 10.1007/BF00275270.
• Background Filippi G. Klinefelter's syndrome in Sardinia. Clinical report of 265 hypogonadic males detected at the time of military check-up. Clin Genet. 1986 Oct;30(4):276-84.
• Background Fromantin M, Gineste J, Didier A, Rouvier J. [Impuberism and hypogonadism at induction into military service. Statistical study]. Probl Actuels Endocrinol Nutr. 1973 May 3;16:179-99. No abstract available. French.
• Background Filicori M, Butler JP, Crowley WF Jr. Neuroendocrine regulation of the corpus luteum in the human. Evidence for pulsatile progesterone secretion. J Clin Invest. 1984 Jun;73(6):1638-47. doi: 10.1172/JCI111370.
• Background Narasimha Rao P, Moore PH Jr. Synthesis of new steroid haptens for radioimmunoassay. Part I. 15beta-Carboxyethylmercaptotestosterone-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Measurement of testosterone in male plasma without chromatography. Steroids. 1976 Jul;28(1):101-9. doi: 10.1016/0039-128x(76)90129-x.
• Background Groome NP, Illingworth PJ, O'Brien M, Pai R, Rodger FE, Mather JP, McNeilly AS. Measurement of dimeric inhibin B throughout the human menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996 Apr;81(4):1401-5. doi: 10.1210/jcem.81.4.8636341.
• Background Landy H, Schneyer AL, Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Validation of highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays for lutropin, follitropin, and free alpha subunit in unextracted urine. Clin Chem. 1990 Feb;36(2):340-4.
• Background Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1997 Jul;20(7):1183-97. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.7.1183. No abstract available.
• Results Pitteloud N, Hayes FJ, Dwyer A, Boepple PA, Lee H, Crowley WF Jr. Predictors of outcome of long-term GnRH therapy in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Sep;87(9):4128-36. doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-020518.
• Results Hayes FJ, Seminara SB, Crowley WF Jr. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1998 Dec;27(4):739-63, vii. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70039-6.
• Results Nachtigall LB, Boepple PA, Pralong FP, Crowley WF Jr. Adult-onset idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--a treatable form of male infertility. N Engl J Med. 1997 Feb 6;336(6):410-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199702063360604.
• Results Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: gonadotropin-releasing hormone therapy. Curr Ther Endocrinol Metab. 1997;6:353-5. No abstract available.
• Results Crowley WF, Whitcomb RW. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men: diagnosis and treatment with exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Nov;163(5 Pt 2):1752-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91440-n.
• Results Finkelstein JS, Spratt DI, O'Dea LS, Whitcomb RW, Klibanski A, Schoenfeld DA, Crowley WF Jr. Pulsatile gonadotropin secretion after discontinuation of long term gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration in a subset of GnRH-deficient men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Aug;69(2):377-85. doi: 10.1210/jcem-69-2-377.
• Results Spratt DI, Carr DB, Merriam GR, Scully RE, Rao PN, Crowley WF Jr. The spectrum of abnormal patterns of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: clinical and laboratory correlations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Feb;64(2):283-91. doi: 10.1210/jcem-64-2-283.
• Results Spratt DI, Finkelstein JS, O'Dea LS, Badger TM, Rao PN, Campbell JD, Crowley WF Jr. Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A model for studies of the hormone's physiologic effects. Ann Intern Med. 1986 Dec;105(6):848-55. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-848.
• Results Spratt DI, Crowley WF Jr, Butler JP, Hoffman AR, Conn PM, Badger TM. Pituitary luteinizing hormone responses to intravenous and subcutaneous administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985 Nov;61(5):890-5. doi: 10.1210/jcem-61-5-890.
• Results Hoffman AR, Crowley WF Jr. Induction of puberty in men by long-term pulsatile administration of low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone. N Engl J Med. 1982 Nov 11;307(20):1237-41. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198211113072003.
• Results Crowley WF Jr, Beitins IZ, Vale W, Kliman B, Rivier J, Rivier C, McArthur JW. The biologic activity of a potent analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in normal and hypogonadotropic men. N Engl J Med. 1980 May 8;302(19):1052-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198005083021903.
• Results Raivio T, Falardeau J, Dwyer A, Quinton R, Hayes FJ, Hughes VA, Cole LW, Pearce SH, Lee H, Boepple P, Crowley WF Jr, Pitteloud N. Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. N Engl J Med. 2007 Aug 30;357(9):863-73. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa066494.
• Results Pitteloud N, Hayes FJ, Boepple PA, DeCruz S, Seminara SB, MacLaughlin DT, Crowley WF Jr. The role of prior pubertal development, biochemical markers of testicular maturation, and genetics in elucidating the phenotypic heterogeneity of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jan;87(1):152-60. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.1.8131.
• Results Shaw ND, Seminara SB, Welt CK, Au MG, Plummer L, Hughes VA, Dwyer AA, Martin KA, Quinton R, Mericq V, Merino PM, Gusella JF, Crowley WF Jr, Pitteloud N, Hall JE. Expanding the phenotype and genotype of female GnRH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Mar;96(3):E566-76. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-2292. Epub 2011 Jan 5.
• Delaney A, Volochayev R, Meader B, Lee J, Almpani K, Noukelak GY, Henkind J, Chalmers L, Law JR, Williamson KA, Jacobsen CM, Buitrago TP, Perez O, Cho CH, Kaindl A, Rauch A, Steindl K, Garcia JE, Russell BE, Prasad R, Mondal UK, Reigstad HM, Clements S, Kim S, Inoue K, Arora G, Salnikov KB, DiOrio NP, Prada R, Capri Y, Morioka K, Mizota M, Zechi-Ceide RM, Kokitsu-Nakata NM, Tonello C, Vendramini-Pittoli S, da Silva Dalben G, Balasubramanian R, Dwyer AA, Seminara SB, Crowley WF, Plummer L, Hall JE, Graham JM, Lin AE, Shaw ND. Insight Into the Ontogeny of GnRH Neurons From Patients Born Without a Nose. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 May 1;105(5):1538-51. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa065.

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