Milrinone Inhaled in Cardiac Surgery

Summary

Pulmonary hypertension is an important morbidity factor in patients having to undergo cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (ECC). Milrinone used in inhalation, shows evidence of being a pulmonary vasodilator able to possibly contribute to the reduction of pressure on the pulmonary artery.

Timeline

Start

2009-02

Primary completion

2012-01

Completion

2012-12

Publications

• Background Baim DS, McDowell AV, Cherniles J, Monrad ES, Parker JA, Edelson J, Braunwald E, Grossman W. Evaluation of a new bipyridine inotropic agent--milrinone--in patients with severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1983 Sep 29;309(13):748-56. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198309293091302.
• Background Denault AY, Lamarche Y, Couture P, Haddad F, Lambert J, Tardif JC, Perrault LP. Inhaled milrinone: a new alternative in cardiac surgery? Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Dec;10(4):346-60. doi: 10.1177/1089253206294400.
• Background Omae T, Kakihana Y, Mastunaga A, Tsuneyoshi I, Kawasaki K, Kanmura Y, Sakata R. Hemodynamic changes during off-pump coronary artery bypass anastomosis in patients with coexisting mitral regurgitation: improvement with milrinone. Anesth Analg. 2005 Jul;101(1):2-8, table of contents. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000155262.37491.6A.
• Background Kikura M, Levy JH, Michelsen LG, Shanewise JS, Bailey JM, Sadel SM, Szlam F. The effect of milrinone on hemodynamics and left ventricular function after emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg. 1997 Jul;85(1):16-22. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199707000-00004.
• Background Lobato EB, Florete O Jr, Bingham HL. A single dose of milrinone facilitates separation from cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with pre-existing left ventricular dysfunction. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Nov;81(5):782-4. doi: 10.1093/bja/81.5.782.
• Background Iwagaki T, Irie J, Ijichi K, Uratsuji Y. [The effects of milrinone on hemodynamics in patients undergoing cardiac surgery]. Masui. 2001 Apr;50(4):360-4. Japanese.
• Background Shibata T, Suehiro S, Sasaki Y, Hosono M, Nishi S, Kinoshita H. Slow induction of milrinone after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001 Feb;7(1):23-7.
• Background Kim JH, Ham BM, Kim YL, Bahk JH, Ryu HG, Jeon YS, Kim KB. Prophylactic milrinone during OPCAB of posterior vessels: implication in angina patients taking beta-blockers. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Nov;24(5):770-6. doi: 10.1016/s1010-7940(03)00393-2.
• Background Hoffman TM, Wernovsky G, Atz AM, Kulik TJ, Nelson DP, Chang AC, Bailey JM, Akbary A, Kocsis JF, Kaczmarek R, Spray TL, Wessel DL. Efficacy and safety of milrinone in preventing low cardiac output syndrome in infants and children after corrective surgery for congenital heart disease. Circulation. 2003 Feb 25;107(7):996-1002. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000051365.81920.28.
• Background Maslow AD, Regan MM, Schwartz C, Bert A, Singh A. Inotropes improve right heart function in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Anesth Analg. 2004 Apr;98(4):891-902. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000107940.23783.33.
• Background Doolan LA, Jones EF, Kalman J, Buxton BF, Tonkin AM. A placebo-controlled trial verifying the efficacy of milrinone in weaning high-risk patients from cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997 Feb;11(1):37-41. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(97)90250-0.
• Background Yamada T, Takeda J, Katori N, Tsuzaki K, Ochiai R. Hemodynamic effects of milrinone during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass: comparison of patients with a low and high prebypass cardiac index. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Aug;14(4):367-73. doi: 10.1053/jcan.2000.7920.
• Background Solina A, Papp D, Ginsberg S, Krause T, Grubb W, Scholz P, Pena LL, Cody R. A comparison of inhaled nitric oxide and milrinone for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in adult cardiac surgery patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2000 Feb;14(1):12-7. doi: 10.1016/s1053-0770(00)90048-x.
• Background Denault AY, Chaput M, Couture P, Hebert Y, Haddad F, Tardif JC. Dynamic right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Jul;132(1):43-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.03.014.
• Background Couture P, Denault AY, Pellerin M, Tardif JC. Milrinone enhances systolic, but not diastolic function during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2007 Jul;54(7):509-22. doi: 10.1007/BF03022314.
• Background Packer M, Carver JR, Rodeheffer RJ, Ivanhoe RJ, DiBianco R, Zeldis SM, Hendrix GH, Bommer WJ, Elkayam U, Kukin ML, et al. Effect of oral milrinone on mortality in severe chronic heart failure. The PROMISE Study Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1991 Nov 21;325(21):1468-75. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199111213252103.
• Background Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF Jr, Benza R, Bourge R, Colucci WS, Massie BM, O'Connor CM, Pina I, Quigg R, Silver MA, Gheorghiade M; Outcomes of a Prospective Trial of Intravenous Milrinone for Exacerbations of Chronic Heart Failure (OPTIME-CHF) Investigators. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002 Mar 27;287(12):1541-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.12.1541.
• Background Lamarche Y, Malo O, Thorin E, Denault A, Carrier M, Roy J, Perrault LP. Inhaled but not intravenous milrinone prevents pulmonary endothelial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 Jul;130(1):83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.09.011.
• Background Haraldsson s A, Kieler-Jensen N, Ricksten SE. The additive pulmonary vasodilatory effects of inhaled prostacyclin and inhaled milrinone in postcardiac surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension. Anesth Analg. 2001 Dec;93(6):1439-45, table of contents. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200112000-00018.
• Background Sablotzki A, Starzmann W, Scheubel R, Grond S, Czeslick EG. Selective pulmonary vasodilation with inhaled aerosolized milrinone in heart transplant candidates. Can J Anaesth. 2005 Dec;52(10):1076-82. doi: 10.1007/BF03021608.
• Background Bernstein AD, Parsonnet V. Bedside estimation of risk as an aid for decision-making in cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Mar;69(3):823-8. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01424-1.
• Background Lamarche Y, Perrault LP, Maltais S, Tetreault K, Lambert J, Denault AY. Preliminary experience with inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007 Jun;31(6):1081-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2007.02.019. Epub 2007 Apr 2.
• Background Robitaille A, Denault AY, Couture P, Belisle S, Fortier A, Guertin MC, Carrier M, Martineau R. Importance of relative pulmonary hypertension in cardiac surgery: the mean systemic-to-pulmonary artery pressure ratio. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2006 Jun;20(3):331-9. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2005.11.018. Epub 2006 Apr 19.
• Background Lindsay CA, Barton P, Lawless S, Kitchen L, Zorka A, Garcia J, Kouatli A, Giroir B. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of milrinone lactate in pediatric patients with septic shock. J Pediatr. 1998 Feb;132(2):329-34. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70454-8.
• Background Oddie CJ, Jackman GP, Bobik A. Analysis of milrinone in plasma using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1986 Jan 10;374(1):209-14. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)83274-0. No abstract available.
• Background Hudson RJ, Thomson IR, Jassal R. Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on sufentanil pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesiology. 2004 Oct;101(4):862-71. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200410000-00010.
• Background Fiset P, Mathers L, Engstrom R, Fitzgerald D, Brand SC, Hsu F, Shafer SL. Pharmacokinetics of computer-controlled alfentanil administration in children undergoing cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology. 1995 Nov;83(5):944-55. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199511000-00006.
• Denault AY, Bussieres JS, Arellano R, Finegan B, Gavra P, Haddad F, Nguyen AQN, Varin F, Fortier A, Levesque S, Shi Y, Elmi-Sarabi M, Tardif JC, Perrault LP, Lambert J. A multicentre randomized-controlled trial of inhaled milrinone in high-risk cardiac surgical patients. Can J Anaesth. 2016 Oct;63(10):1140-1153. doi: 10.1007/s12630-016-0709-8. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

Drugs

Indications