Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease With Amiloride

Summary

Treatment of coronary artery disease is a major health care problem across the entire word, and the United States. Unfortunately, despite a number of medical advances, diagnostic procedure, or epidemiological studies, the treatment of these patients remain complex, and and at times frustrating. In fact, the COURAGE trial conducted in 50 centers across United States and Canada documented that drug treatment, coronary interventions or both were not effective solution in coronary artery diseases. A novel approach has recently been developed, based on the critical role of the potassium (K) content in red-blood-cell in myocardial oxygenation, since oxygen and K binding by hemoglobin (red-blood-cell) occurs simultaneously in blood passing through the lungs, whereas in the organs as the heart, the hemoglobin release both Oxygen and K ions. This apparently simple mechanisms occurs in human blood in all individuals but could be altered in subjects with acquired or hereditable defect in red-blood-cell K content. The purpose of this trial, thus, will be to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Amiloride on RBC K-uptake and transport and its impact on reversion of angina, electrocardiographic changes of myocardial ischemia and electrical regeneration of the heart in subjects with coronary artery diseases.

Timeline

Start

2009-02

Primary completion

2010-05

Completion

2011-02

Publications

• Background ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 50:1-157
• Background Rosamond W, Flegal K, Friday G, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lloyd-Jones D, McDermott M, Meigs J, Moy C, Nichol G, O'Donnell CJ, Roger V, Rumsfeld J, Sorlie P, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Hong Y; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2007 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2007 Feb 6;115(5):e69-171. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.179918. Epub 2006 Dec 28. No abstract available.
• Background Wald NJ, Law MR. A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80%. BMJ. 2003 Jun 28;326(7404):1419. doi: 10.1136/bmj.326.7404.1419.
• Background Nicholls SJ, Tuzcu EM, Sipahi I, Grasso AW, Schoenhagen P, Hu T, Wolski K, Crowe T, Desai MY, Hazen SL, Kapadia SR, Nissen SE. Statins, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and regression of coronary atherosclerosis. JAMA. 2007 Feb 7;297(5):499-508. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.5.499.
• Background Simons M, Annex BH, Laham RJ, Kleiman N, Henry T, Dauerman H, Udelson JE, Gervino EV, Pike M, Whitehouse MJ, Moon T, Chronos NA. Pharmacological treatment of coronary artery disease with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2: double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Circulation. 2002 Feb 19;105(7):788-93. doi: 10.1161/hc0802.104407.
• Background Boden WE, O'Rourke RA, Teo KK, Hartigan PM, Maron DJ, Kostuk WJ, Knudtson M, Dada M, Casperson P, Harris CL, Chaitman BR, Shaw L, Gosselin G, Nawaz S, Title LM, Gau G, Blaustein AS, Booth DC, Bates ER, Spertus JA, Berman DS, Mancini GB, Weintraub WS; COURAGE Trial Research Group. Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007 Apr 12;356(15):1503-16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa070829. Epub 2007 Mar 26.
• Background Jensen FB. Red blood cell pH, the Bohr effect, and other oxygenation-linked phenomena in blood O2 and CO2 transport. Acta Physiol Scand. 2004 Nov;182(3):215-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-201X.2004.01361.x.
• Background Crawford JH, Isbell TS, Huang Z, Shiva S, Chacko BK, Schechter AN, Darley-Usmar VM, Kerby JD, Lang JD Jr, Kraus D, Ho C, Gladwin MT, Patel RP. Hypoxia, red blood cells, and nitrite regulate NO-dependent hypoxic vasodilation. Blood. 2006 Jan 15;107(2):566-74. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-07-2668. Epub 2005 Sep 29.
• Background Ellsworth ML, Forrester T, Ellis CG, Dietrich HH. The erythrocyte as a regulator of vascular tone. Am J Physiol. 1995 Dec;269(6 Pt 2):H2155-61. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1995.269.6.H2155.
• Background Dejam A, Hunter CJ, Pelletier MM, Hsu LL, Machado RF, Shiva S, Power GG, Kelm M, Gladwin MT, Schechter AN. Erythrocytes are the major intravascular storage sites of nitrite in human blood. Blood. 2005 Jul 15;106(2):734-9. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-02-0567. Epub 2005 Mar 17.
• Background Bin JP, Doctor A, Lindner J, Hendersen EM, Le DE, Leong-Poi H, Fisher NG, Christiansen J, Kaul S. Effects of nitroglycerin on erythrocyte rheology and oxygen unloading: novel role of S-nitrosohemoglobin in relieving myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2006 May 30;113(21):2502-8. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.627091. Epub 2006 May 22.
• Background Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado MC. Hereditability Defect in Red-Cell K in Hypertension. FASEB J. 2008; 22:968.8 (abstract). FASEB Experimental Biology 2008. April 5-9, San Diego, California
• Background Fuster V. The several faces of clinical trials: from new therapies to failed preventive strategies. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006 Apr;3(4):173. doi: 10.1038/ncpcardio0520. No abstract available.
• Background Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Leon AJ. Amiloride and red blood cell potassium transport in coronary artery disease: Reversion of the clinical and ECG alterations (abstract). 2007 Scientific Meeting of the Inter-American Society of Hypertension and the Consortium for Southeastern Hypertension Control. Miami 6-10, 2007.
• Background Finimundi HC, Caramori PA, Parker JD. Effect of diuretic therapy on exercise capacity in patients with chronic angina and preserved left ventricular function. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007 May;49(5):275-9. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0b013e3180385ad7.

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Indications