Neoadjuvant Letrozole Plus Metformin vs Letrozole Plus Placebo for ER-positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer

Summary

Preoperative letrozole versus letrozole with metformin in postmenopausal Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients Phase II multicenter 1:1 randomized clinical trial Total 208 patients Primary endpoint Clinical response rate Secondary endpoint Pathologic complete response rate Breast conserving surgery rate Percent mammographic density change Ki67(%) change after 4week medication of 2nd core needle biopsy Toxicity profile of neoadjuvant letrozole, metformin

Timeline

Start

2012-05

Primary completion

2018-04

Completion

2018-08

Publications

• Background Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, Mamounas E, Brown A, Fisher ER, Wickerham DL, Begovic M, DeCillis A, Robidoux A, Margolese RG, Cruz AB Jr, Hoehn JL, Lees AW, Dimitrov NV, Bear HD. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Aug;16(8):2672-85. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.8.2672.
• Background Wolmark N, Wang J, Mamounas E, Bryant J, Fisher B. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2001;(30):96-102. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003469.
• Background van der Hage JA, van de Velde CJ, Julien JP, Tubiana-Hulin M, Vandervelden C, Duchateau L. Preoperative chemotherapy in primary operable breast cancer: results from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10902. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov 15;19(22):4224-37. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.22.4224.
• Background Toi M, Nakamura S, Kuroi K, Iwata H, Ohno S, Masuda N, Kusama M, Yamazaki K, Hisamatsu K, Sato Y, Kashiwaba M, Kaise H, Kurosumi M, Tsuda H, Akiyama F, Ohashi Y, Takatsuka Y; Japan Breast Cancer Research Group (JBCRG). Phase II study of preoperative sequential FEC and docetaxel predicts of pathological response and disease free survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Aug;110(3):531-9. doi: 10.1007/s10549-007-9744-z. Epub 2007 Sep 19.
• Background Guarneri V, Broglio K, Kau SW, Cristofanilli M, Buzdar AU, Valero V, Buchholz T, Meric F, Middleton L, Hortobagyi GN, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Prognostic value of pathologic complete response after primary chemotherapy in relation to hormone receptor status and other factors. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Mar 1;24(7):1037-44. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2005.02.6914.
• Background Aapro M, Monfardini S, Jirillo A, Basso U. Management of primary and advanced breast cancer in older unfit patients (medical treatment). Cancer Treat Rev. 2009 Oct;35(6):503-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.04.002. Epub 2009 Sep 16.
• Background Eiermann W, Paepke S, Appfelstaedt J, Llombart-Cussac A, Eremin J, Vinholes J, Mauriac L, Ellis M, Lassus M, Chaudri-Ross HA, Dugan M, Borgs M; Letrozole Neo-Adjuvant Breast Cancer Study Group. Preoperative treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole: A randomized double-blind multicenter study. Ann Oncol. 2001 Nov;12(11):1527-32. doi: 10.1023/a:1013128213451.
• Background Mlineritsch B, Tausch C, Singer C, Luschin-Ebengreuth G, Jakesz R, Ploner F, Stierer M, Melbinger E, Menzel C, Urbania A, Fridrik M, Steger G, Wohlmuth P, Gnant M, Greil R; Austrian Breast, Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG). Exemestane as primary systemic treatment for hormone receptor positive post-menopausal breast cancer patients: a phase II trial of the Austrian Breast and Colorectal Cancer Study Group (ABCSG-17). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008 Nov;112(1):203-13. doi: 10.1007/s10549-007-9843-x. Epub 2007 Dec 22.
• Background Semiglazov VF, Semiglazov VV, Dashyan GA, Ziltsova EK, Ivanov VG, Bozhok AA, Melnikova OA, Paltuev RM, Kletzel A, Berstein LM. Phase 2 randomized trial of primary endocrine therapy versus chemotherapy in postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer. 2007 Jul 15;110(2):244-54. doi: 10.1002/cncr.22789.
• Background Ben Sahra I, Laurent K, Loubat A, Giorgetti-Peraldi S, Colosetti P, Auberger P, Tanti JF, Le Marchand-Brustel Y, Bost F. The antidiabetic drug metformin exerts an antitumoral effect in vitro and in vivo through a decrease of cyclin D1 level. Oncogene. 2008 Jun 5;27(25):3576-86. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1211024. Epub 2008 Jan 21.
• Background Bowker SL, Majumdar SR, Veugelers P, Johnson JA. Increased cancer-related mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes who use sulfonylureas or insulin: Response to Farooki and Schneider. Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1990-1. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0997. No abstract available.
• Background Evans JM, Donnelly LA, Emslie-Smith AM, Alessi DR, Morris AD. Metformin and reduced risk of cancer in diabetic patients. BMJ. 2005 Jun 4;330(7503):1304-5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38415.708634.F7. Epub 2005 Apr 22. No abstract available.
• Background Guppy A, Jamal-Hanjani M, Pickering L. Anticancer effects of metformin and its potential use as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Future Oncol. 2011 Jun;7(6):727-36. doi: 10.2217/fon.11.49.
• Background Garcia A, Tisman G. Metformin, B(12), and enhanced breast cancer response to chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 10;28(2):e19; author reply e20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.7857. Epub 2009 Nov 30. No abstract available.
• Background Jiralerspong S, Palla SL, Giordano SH, Meric-Bernstam F, Liedtke C, Barnett CM, Hsu L, Hung MC, Hortobagyi GN, Gonzalez-Angulo AM. Metformin and pathologic complete responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in diabetic patients with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jul 10;27(20):3297-302. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.19.6410. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
• Background Martin-Castillo B, Dorca J, Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Lopez-Bonet E, Garcia M, Del Barco S, Menendez JA. Incorporating the antidiabetic drug metformin in HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab: an ongoing clinical-translational research experience at the Catalan Institute of Oncology. Ann Oncol. 2010 Jan;21(1):187-9. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp494. Epub 2009 Nov 2. No abstract available.
• Background Baselga J, Semiglazov V, van Dam P, Manikhas A, Bellet M, Mayordomo J, Campone M, Kubista E, Greil R, Bianchi G, Steinseifer J, Molloy B, Tokaji E, Gardner H, Phillips P, Stumm M, Lane HA, Dixon JM, Jonat W, Rugo HS. Phase II randomized study of neoadjuvant everolimus plus letrozole compared with placebo plus letrozole in patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun 1;27(16):2630-7. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.8391. Epub 2009 Apr 20.
• Background Hadad S, Iwamoto T, Jordan L, Purdie C, Bray S, Baker L, Jellema G, Deharo S, Hardie DG, Pusztai L, Moulder-Thompson S, Dewar JA, Thompson AM. Evidence for biological effects of metformin in operable breast cancer: a pre-operative, window-of-opportunity, randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 Aug;128(3):783-94. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1612-1. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
• Background Brown KA, Hunger NI, Docanto M, Simpson ER. Metformin inhibits aromatase expression in human breast adipose stromal cells via stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010 Sep;123(2):591-6. doi: 10.1007/s10549-010-0834-y. Epub 2010 Mar 19.
• Background Takemura Y, Osuga Y, Yoshino O, Hasegawa A, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Nose E, Morimoto C, Harada M, Koga K, Tajima T, Yano T, Taketani Y. Metformin suppresses interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced IL-8 production, aromatase activation, and proliferation of endometriotic stromal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Aug;92(8):3213-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-2486. Epub 2007 May 15.
• Background Abu Hashim H, Shokeir T, Badawy A. RETRACTED: Letrozole versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2010 Sep;94(4):1405-1409. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.985. Epub 2009 Sep 3.
• Background Goodwin PJ, Pritchard KI, Ennis M, Clemons M, Graham M, Fantus IG. Insulin-lowering effects of metformin in women with early breast cancer. Clin Breast Cancer. 2008 Dec;8(6):501-5. doi: 10.3816/CBC.2008.n.060.
• Background Goldenberg N, Glueck CJ, Loftspring M, Sherman A, Wang P. Metformin-diet benefits in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the bottom and top quintiles for insulin resistance. Metabolism. 2005 Jan;54(1):113-21. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2004.08.007.
• Background Romualdi D, Costantini B, Selvaggi L, Giuliani M, Cristello F, Macri F, Bompiani A, Lanzone A, Guido M. Metformin improves endothelial function in normoinsulinemic PCOS patients: a new prospective. Hum Reprod. 2008 Sep;23(9):2127-33. doi: 10.1093/humrep/den230. Epub 2008 Jun 20.
• Background Baillargeon JP, Jakubowicz DJ, Iuorno MJ, Jakubowicz S, Nestler JE. Effects of metformin and rosiglitazone, alone and in combination, in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal indices of insulin sensitivity. Fertil Steril. 2004 Oct;82(4):893-902. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.02.127.
• Background Ou HY, Cheng JT, Yu EH, Wu TJ. Metformin increases insulin sensitivity and plasma beta-endorphin in human subjects. Horm Metab Res. 2006 Feb;38(2):106-11. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-925128.
• Background Tankova T, Dakovska L, Kirilov G, Koev D. Metformin in the treatment of obesity in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Rom J Intern Med. 2003;41(3):269-75.
• Background Anisimov VN, Berstein LM, Egormin PA, Piskunova TS, Popovich IG, Zabezhinski MA, Kovalenko IG, Poroshina TE, Semenchenko AV, Provinciali M, Re F, Franceschi C. Effect of metformin on life span and on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Exp Gerontol. 2005 Aug-Sep;40(8-9):685-93. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2005.07.007.
• Background Anisimov VN, Egormin PA, Bershtein LM, Zabezhinskii MA, Piskunova TS, Popovich IG, Semenchenko AV. Metformin decelerates aging and development of mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2005 Jun;139(6):721-3. doi: 10.1007/s10517-005-0389-9.
• Background Huang X, Wullschleger S, Shpiro N, McGuire VA, Sakamoto K, Woods YL, McBurnie W, Fleming S, Alessi DR. Important role of the LKB1-AMPK pathway in suppressing tumorigenesis in PTEN-deficient mice. Biochem J. 2008 Jun 1;412(2):211-21. doi: 10.1042/BJ20080557.
• Background Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Ferrannini E, Holman RR, Sherwin R, Zinman B; American Diabetes Association; European Association for Study of Diabetes. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32(1):193-203. doi: 10.2337/dc08-9025. Epub 2008 Oct 22.
• Kim J, Lim W, Kim EK, Kim MK, Paik NS, Jeong SS, Yoon JH, Park CH, Ahn SH, Kim LS, Han S, Nam SJ, Kang HS, Kim SI, Yoo YB, Jeong J, Kim TH, Kang T, Kim SW, Jung Y, Lee JE, Kim KS, Yu JH, Chae BJ, Jung SY, Kang E, Choi SY, Moon HG, Noh DY, Han W. Phase II randomized trial of neoadjuvant metformin plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole for estrogen receptor positive postmenopausal breast cancer (METEOR). BMC Cancer. 2014 Mar 10;14:170. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-170.

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