Rapid Effects Linagliptin on Monocyte Polarization and Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetes

Summary

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic low grade inflammation, which is worsened by the co-existence of renal failure. One key aspect of chronic inflammatory diseases is the alteration in the polarization profile of circulating monocyte-macrophage cells. Namely, monocytes-macrophages can exist in a pro-inflammatory (M1) polarized form or an anti-inflammatory (M2) polarized state. Alterations in the M1/M2 balance is thought to contribute to inflammation within atherosclerotic lesions and visceral adipose tissue which, in turn, can worsen cardiovascular disease and metabolic features in type 2 diabetic patients. M1 and M2 are regulated by a complex interplay of soluble signaling molecules, many of which are substrate of the enzyme DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4). Therefore, inhibition of DPP-4 can affect the M1/M2 polarization balance. In this clinical trial, the investigators will test whether the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin, compared to placebo, modifies the M1/M2 balance in type 2 diabetic patients with and without chronic renal failure. In addition, we will test whether DPP-4 inhibition with Linagliptin acutely affects endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are vasculoprotective cells implicated in the pathobiology of diabetic complications.

Timeline

Start

2012-09

Primary completion

2014-12

Completion

2014-12

Publications

• Fadini GP, Bonora BM, Albiero M, Zaninotto M, Plebani M, Avogaro A. DPP-4 inhibition has no acute effect on BNP and its N-terminal pro-hormone measured by commercial immune-assays. A randomized cross-over trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017 Feb 10;16(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12933-017-0507-9.
• Fadini GP, Bonora BM, Cappellari R, Menegazzo L, Vedovato M, Iori E, Marescotti MC, Albiero M, Avogaro A. Acute Effects of Linagliptin on Progenitor Cells, Monocyte Phenotypes, and Soluble Mediators in Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Feb;101(2):748-56. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3716. Epub 2015 Dec 22.

Drugs

Indications