Combination Treatment of S-1 With Paclitaxel in Advanced Esophageal Cancer

Summary

Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant disease, especially in China. The annual incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is 260,000 with the motility of 210,000. The prognosis of esophageal cancer is very poor. About 50% of patients have advanced disease at diagnosis and the natural course is only 6-8 months with a 5-year survival rate of 5-7%. Though some patients received surgical treatment, disease will recurrent and metastasis in nearly 90% of the patients. In past decades, there isn't much improvement of the outcome and survival of advanced esophageal cancer due to the lack of effective chemotherapy agents. The traditional chemotherapy drugs include 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin and the combination of them results in a 25-35% response rate in both first-line and palliative treatment. Paclitaxel plus cisplatin regiment is another promising treatment of esophageal cancer and have been proved effective in many studies. One of our previous study showed paclitaxel and cisplatin treatment resulted in encouraging response rate with manageable side-effects in 131 patients of advanced esophageal cancer. However, the toxicities of paclitaxel and cisplatin limit their combination in clinic. For example, the polyoxyethylene castor oil paclitaxel could induce acute hypersensitivity reactions and neurotoxicity. Cisplatin could result in dysfunction of kidney and neurotoxicity. In addition, most of esophageal cancer patients are age 65 to 70. Many of them have simultaneously other diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease which cause varying damages of renal function and limit the use of cisplatin in these patients. Therefore, it is urgent for doctors to seek an alternative of cisplatin in the combination chemotherapy treatment. Therefore, the investigators designed this randomized clinical trial in which a novel combination of S-1 with paclitaxel is used to treat advanced esophageal cancer patients in compare with paclitaxel/cisplatin and 5-FU/cisplatin treatment to explore its efficacy and toxicity. The investigators hope this study will provide some clues for the treatment of esophageal cancer patients.

Timeline

Start

2012-08

Primary completion

2017-03

Completion

2017-03

Publications

• Background Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr. Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer. 1998 Nov 15;83(10):2049-53.
• Background Bollschweiler E, Wolfgarten E, Gutschow C, Holscher AH. Demographic variations in the rising incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in white males. Cancer. 2001 Aug 1;92(3):549-55. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010801)92:33.0.co;2-l.
• Background Ilson DH. Oesophageal cancer: new developments in systemic therapy. Cancer Treat Rev. 2003 Dec;29(6):525-32. doi: 10.1016/s0305-7372(03)00104-x.
• Background Anderson SE, Minsky BD, Bains M, Kelsen DP, Ilson DH. Combined modality therapy in esophageal cancer: the Memorial experience. Semin Surg Oncol. 2003;21(4):228-32. doi: 10.1002/ssu.10041.
• Background Scheithauer W. Esophageal cancer: chemotherapy as palliative therapy. Ann Oncol. 2004;15 Suppl 4:iv97-100. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdh911. No abstract available.
• Background Koshy M, Esiashvilli N, Landry JC, Thomas CR Jr, Matthews RH. Multiple management modalities in esophageal cancer: combined modality management approaches. Oncologist. 2004;9(2):147-59. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.9-2-147.
• Background Westerterp M, Koppert LB, Buskens CJ, Tilanus HW, ten Kate FJ, Bergman JJ, Siersema PD, van Dekken H, van Lanschot JJ. Outcome of surgical treatment for early adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction. Virchows Arch. 2005 May;446(5):497-504. doi: 10.1007/s00428-005-1243-1. Epub 2005 Apr 19.
• Background Enzinger PC, Ilson DH, Kelsen DP. Chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Semin Oncol. 1999 Oct;26(5 Suppl 15):12-20.
• Background Bleiberg H, Conroy T, Paillot B, Lacave AJ, Blijham G, Jacob JH, Bedenne L, Namer M, De Besi P, Gay F, Collette L, Sahmoud T. Randomised phase II study of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus cisplatin alone in advanced squamous cell oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 1997 Jul;33(8):1216-20. doi: 10.1016/s0959-8049(97)00088-9.
• Background Ilson DH, Forastiere A, Arquette M, Costa F, Heelan R, Huang Y, Kelsen DP. A phase II trial of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer J. 2000 Sep-Oct;6(5):316-23.
• Background Polee MB, Tilanus HW, Eskens FA, Hoekstra R, Van der Burg ME, Siersema PD, Stoter G, Van der Gaast A. Phase II study of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin given every 2 weeks for patients with a resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Ann Oncol. 2003 Aug;14(8):1253-7. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdg328.
• Background Mu L, Feng SS. A novel controlled release formulation for the anticancer drug paclitaxel (Taxol): PLGA nanoparticles containing vitamin E TPGS. J Control Release. 2003 Jan 9;86(1):33-48. doi: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00320-6.
• Background Mu L, Feng SS. Vitamin E TPGS used as emulsifier in the solvent evaporation/extraction technique for fabrication of polymeric nanospheres for controlled release of paclitaxel (Taxol). J Control Release. 2002 Apr 23;80(1-3):129-44. doi: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00025-1.
• Background Lundberg BB, Risovic V, Ramaswamy M, Wasan KM. A lipophilic paclitaxel derivative incorporated in a lipid emulsion for parenteral administration. J Control Release. 2003 Jan 9;86(1):93-100. doi: 10.1016/s0168-3659(02)00323-1.

Drugs

Indications