A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF)-Switch Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients With Incomplete Response to Entecavir

Summary

Currently, five nucleos(t)ide analogs are approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, namely lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, telbivudine, entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). ETV and TDF are recommended as first-line therapy by all regional guidelines due to their high anti-viral potency and low risk of inducing resistance. ETV monotherapy for chronic HBV infection is highly effective in both HBeAg-positive and negative treatment-naïve patients. The cumulative probability of maintained virologic suppression with undetectable HBV DNA at year 1, 2 and 3 were 76.5%, 83.0% and 88.3% respectively. TDF is another potent anti-viral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Up to 72% and 87% of HBeAg-positive and -negative patients achieved undetectable HBV DNA by week 144 of TDF monotherapy. It is also effective in patients with prior exposure to other nucleo(s)tide analogs. Previous studies demonstrated that TDF can be used as an effective rescue therapy in lamivudine or adefovir-treated patients with incomplete virologic response. However, the optimal treatment for patients with suboptimal response to ETV is uncertain. With this background, we will conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of TDF switch therapy in patients with incomplete virologic response to ETV treatment.

Timeline

Start

2013-08

Primary completion

2017-01

Completion

2017-01-31

Publications

• Background Chan HL, Jia J. Chronic hepatitis B in Asia-new insights from the past decade. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011 Jan;26 Suppl 1:131-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06544.x.
• Background Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat. 2004 Mar;11(2):97-107. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00487.x.
• Background Yim HJ, Lok AS. Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: what we knew in 1981 and what we know in 2005. Hepatology. 2006 Feb;43(2 Suppl 1):S173-81. doi: 10.1002/hep.20956.
• Background Sung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, Li KC, Chan HL. Meta-analysis: Treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Nov 1;28(9):1067-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03816.x. Epub 2008 Jul 24.
• Background Chan HL, Sung JJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. Semin Liver Dis. 2006 May;26(2):153-61. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-939753.
• Background Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology. 2009 Sep;50(3):661-2. doi: 10.1002/hep.23190. No abstract available.
• Background European Association For The Study Of The Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 2012 Jul;57(1):167-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.02.010. Epub 2012 Mar 20. No abstract available.
• Background Gish RG, Lok AS, Chang TT, de Man RA, Gadano A, Sollano J, Han KH, Chao YC, Lee SD, Harris M, Yang J, Colonno R, Brett-Smith H. Entecavir therapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology. 2007 Nov;133(5):1437-44. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.025. Epub 2007 Aug 14.
• Background Lai CL, Shouval D, Lok AS, Chang TT, Cheinquer H, Goodman Z, DeHertogh D, Wilber R, Zink RC, Cross A, Colonno R, Fernandes L; BEHoLD AI463027 Study Group. Entecavir versus lamivudine for patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 9;354(10):1011-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa051287.
• Background Wong GL, Wong VW, Chan HY, Tse PC, Wong J, Chim AM, Yiu KK, Chu SH, Chan HL. Undetectable HBV DNA at month 12 of entecavir treatment predicts maintained viral suppression and HBeAg-seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients at 3 years. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Jun;35(11):1326-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05098.x. Epub 2012 Apr 16.
• Background Heathcote EJ, Marcellin P, Buti M, Gane E, De Man RA, Krastev Z, Germanidis G, Lee SS, Flisiak R, Kaita K, Manns M, Kotzev I, Tchernev K, Buggisch P, Weilert F, Kurdas OO, Shiffman ML, Trinh H, Gurel S, Snow-Lampart A, Borroto-Esoda K, Mondou E, Anderson J, Sorbel J, Rousseau F. Three-year efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology. 2011 Jan;140(1):132-43. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.011. Epub 2010 Oct 16.
• Background Patterson SJ, George J, Strasser SI, Lee AU, Sievert W, Nicoll AJ, Desmond PV, Roberts SK, Locarnini S, Bowden S, Angus PW. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate rescue therapy following failure of both lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic hepatitis B. Gut. 2011 Feb;60(2):247-54. doi: 10.1136/gut.2010.223206. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
• Background Berg T, Marcellin P, Zoulim F, Moller B, Trinh H, Chan S, Suarez E, Lavocat F, Snow-Lampart A, Frederick D, Sorbel J, Borroto-Esoda K, Oldach D, Rousseau F. Tenofovir is effective alone or with emtricitabine in adefovir-treated patients with chronic-hepatitis B virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2010 Oct;139(4):1207-17. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.053. Epub 2010 Jun 20.
• Background Chen CJ, Iloeje UH, Yang HI. Long-term outcomes in hepatitis B: the REVEAL-HBV study. Clin Liver Dis. 2007 Nov;11(4):797-816, viii. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2007.08.005.
• Background Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Lu SN, Huang GT, Iloeje UH; REVEAL-HBV Study Group. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA. 2006 Jan 4;295(1):65-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.1.65.
• Background Iloeje UH, Yang HI, Su J, Jen CL, You SL, Chen CJ; Risk Evaluation of Viral Load Elevation and Associated Liver Disease/Cancer-In HBV (the REVEAL-HBV) Study Group. Predicting cirrhosis risk based on the level of circulating hepatitis B viral load. Gastroenterology. 2006 Mar;130(3):678-86. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.016.
• Background Zoutendijk R, Reijnders JG, Zoulim F, Brown A, Mutimer DJ, Deterding K, Hofmann WP, Petersen J, Fasano M, Buti M, Berg T, Hansen BE, Sonneveld MJ, Wedemeyer H, Janssen HL; VIRGIL Surveillance Study Group. Virological response to entecavir is associated with a better clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. Gut. 2013 May;62(5):760-5. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302024. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
• Background Pan CQ, Hu KQ, Yu AS, Chen W, Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Response to tenofovir monotherapy in chronic hepatitis B patients with prior suboptimal response to entecavir. J Viral Hepat. 2012 Mar;19(3):213-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01533.x. Epub 2011 Oct 17.

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