Dexmedetomidine for Reversal of Cocaine's Effects on the Heart

Summary

This study will use myocardial contrast echocardiography performed during a continuous intravenous infusion of Definity microbubbles (Perflutren lipid microbubbles) to determine if dexmedetomidine (an intravenous central sympatholytic drug) can reverse all the cardiovascular effects of low-dose intranasal cocaine-including vasoconstriction in the coronary microcirculation-both in cocaine-naïve and non-treatment seeking cocaine-addicted subjects.

Timeline

Start

2013-02-01

Primary completion

2014-01-15

Completion

2014-01-15

Publications

• Background Kontak AC, Victor RG, Vongpatanasin W. Dexmedetomidine as a novel countermeasure for cocaine-induced central sympathoexcitation in cocaine-addicted humans. Hypertension. 2013 Feb;61(2):388-94. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.203554. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
• Background Menon DV, Wang Z, Fadel PJ, Arbique D, Leonard D, Li JL, Victor RG, Vongpatanasin W. Central sympatholysis as a novel countermeasure for cocaine-induced sympathetic activation and vasoconstriction in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007 Aug 14;50(7):626-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.060. Epub 2007 Jul 30.
• Background Tuncel M, Wang Z, Arbique D, Fadel PJ, Victor RG, Vongpatanasin W. Mechanism of the blood pressure--raising effect of cocaine in humans. Circulation. 2002 Mar 5;105(9):1054-9. doi: 10.1161/hc0902.104714.
• Background Crandall CG, Vongpatanasin W, Victor RG. Mechanism of cocaine-induced hyperthermia in humans. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Jun 4;136(11):785-91. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00006.
• Background Vongpatanasin W, Mansour Y, Chavoshan B, Arbique D, Victor RG. Cocaine stimulates the human cardiovascular system via a central mechanism of action. Circulation. 1999 Aug 3;100(5):497-502. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.100.5.497.
• Background Jacobsen TN, Grayburn PA, Snyder RW 2nd, Hansen J, Chavoshan B, Landau C, Lange RA, Hillis LD, Victor RG. Effects of intranasal cocaine on sympathetic nerve discharge in humans. J Clin Invest. 1997 Feb 15;99(4):628-34. doi: 10.1172/JCI119205.

Drugs

Indications