A Study of Atezolizumab Compared With Docetaxel in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Failed Platinum-Containing Therapy

Summary

This global, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of atezolizumab (an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 \[anti-PD-L1\] antibody)compared with docetaxel in participants with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure with platinum-containing chemotherapy. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive either docetaxel or atezolizumab. Treatment may continue as long as participants experienced clinical benefit as assessed by the investigator, i.e., in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or symptomatic deterioration attributed to disease progression.

Timeline

Start

2014-03-11

Primary completion

2016-07-07

Completion

2019-01-09

Publications

• Melchionna R, Di Modugno F, Di Carlo A, D'Ambrosio L, Palermo B, Tocci A, Paolini F, Sperduti I, Campo G, Taje R, Gallina F, Visca P, D'Andrea D, Nistico P. Reciprocal regulation of hMENA and TGF-beta signaling in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes EMT, immunosuppression, poor prognosis, and ICT resistance in NSCLC. J Immunother Cancer. 2026 Jan 27;14(1):e013098. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-013098.
• Mhatre SK, Machado RJM, Ton TGN, Trinh H, Mazieres J, Rittmeyer A, Bretscher MT. Real-World Progression-Free Survival as an Endpoint in Lung Cancer: Replicating Atezolizumab and Docetaxel Arms of the OAK Trial Using Real-World Data. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023 Dec;114(6):1313-1322. doi: 10.1002/cpt.3045. Epub 2023 Sep 28.
• Saal J, Bald T, Eckstein M, Ritter M, Brossart P, Ellinger J, Holzel M, Klumper N. Early C-reactive protein kinetics predicts immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer in the phase III OAK trial. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2023 Mar 1;7(2):pkad027. doi: 10.1093/jncics/pkad027.
• Dong Y, Zhu Y, Zhuo M, Chen X, Xie Y, Duan J, Bai H, Hao S, Yu Z, Yi Y, Guan Y, Yuan J, Xia X, Yi X, Wang J, Wang Z. Maximum Somatic Allele Frequency-Adjusted Blood-Based Tumor Mutational Burden Predicts the Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2022 Nov 17;14(22):5649. doi: 10.3390/cancers14225649.
• Cortellini A, Ricciuti B, Borghaei H, Naqash AR, D'Alessio A, Fulgenzi CAM, Addeo A, Banna GL, Pinato DJ. Differential prognostic effect of systemic inflammation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with immunotherapy or chemotherapy: A post hoc analysis of the phase 3 OAK trial. Cancer. 2022 Aug 15;128(16):3067-3079. doi: 10.1002/cncr.34348. Epub 2022 Jun 21.
• Gadgeel S, Hirsch FR, Kerr K, Barlesi F, Park K, Rittmeyer A, Zou W, Bhatia N, Koeppen H, Paul SM, Shames D, Yi J, Matheny C, Ballinger M, McCleland M, Gandara DR. Comparison of SP142 and 22C3 Immunohistochemistry PD-L1 Assays for Clinical Efficacy of Atezolizumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results From the Randomized OAK Trial. Clin Lung Cancer. 2022 Jan;23(1):21-33. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2021.05.007. Epub 2021 May 30.
• Gandara D, Reck M, Moro-Sibilot D, Mazieres J, Gadgeel S, Morris S, Cardona A, Mendus D, Ballinger M, Rittmeyer A, Peters S. Fast progression in non-small cell lung cancer: results from the randomized phase III OAK study evaluating second-line atezolizumab versus docetaxel. J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Mar;9(3):e001882. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001882.
• Shemesh CS, Chan P, Legrand FA, Shames DS, Das Thakur M, Shi J, Bailey L, Vadhavkar S, He X, Zhang W, Bruno R. Pan-cancer population pharmacokinetics and exposure-safety and -efficacy analyses of atezolizumab in patients with high tumor mutational burden. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2020 Dec;8(6):e00685. doi: 10.1002/prp2.685.
• Chalabi M, Cardona A, Nagarkar DR, Dhawahir Scala A, Gandara DR, Rittmeyer A, Albert ML, Powles T, Kok M, Herrera FG; imCORE working group of early career investigators. Efficacy of chemotherapy and atezolizumab in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors: pooled post hoc analyses of the OAK and POPLAR trials. Ann Oncol. 2020 Apr;31(4):525-531. doi: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.01.006. Epub 2020 Jan 16.
• Morrissey KM, Marchand M, Patel H, Zhang R, Wu B, Phyllis Chan H, Mecke A, Girish S, Jin JY, Winter HR, Bruno R. Alternative dosing regimens for atezolizumab: an example of model-informed drug development in the postmarketing setting. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2019 Dec;84(6):1257-1267. doi: 10.1007/s00280-019-03954-8. Epub 2019 Sep 21.
• Gadgeel SM, Lukas RV, Goldschmidt J, Conkling P, Park K, Cortinovis D, de Marinis F, Rittmeyer A, Patel JD, von Pawel J, O'Hear C, Lai C, Hu S, Ballinger M, Sandler A, Gandhi M, Fehrenbacher L. Atezolizumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and history of asymptomatic, treated brain metastases: Exploratory analyses of the phase III OAK study. Lung Cancer. 2019 Feb;128:105-112. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.12.017. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
• Bordoni R, Ciardiello F, von Pawel J, Cortinovis D, Karagiannis T, Ballinger M, Sandler A, Yu W, He P, Matheny C, Felizzi F, Rittmeyer A. Patient-Reported Outcomes in OAK: A Phase III Study of Atezolizumab Versus Docetaxel in Advanced Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018 Sep;19(5):441-449.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.05.011. Epub 2018 May 31.
• Hida T, Kaji R, Satouchi M, Ikeda N, Horiike A, Nokihara H, Seto T, Kawakami T, Nakagawa S, Kubo T. Atezolizumab in Japanese Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Subgroup Analysis of the Phase 3 OAK Study. Clin Lung Cancer. 2018 Jul;19(4):e405-e415. doi: 10.1016/j.cllc.2018.01.004. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
• Rittmeyer A, Barlesi F, Waterkamp D, Park K, Ciardiello F, von Pawel J, Gadgeel SM, Hida T, Kowalski DM, Dols MC, Cortinovis DL, Leach J, Polikoff J, Barrios C, Kabbinavar F, Frontera OA, De Marinis F, Turna H, Lee JS, Ballinger M, Kowanetz M, He P, Chen DS, Sandler A, Gandara DR; OAK Study Group. Atezolizumab versus docetaxel in patients with previously treated non-small-cell lung cancer (OAK): a phase 3, open-label, multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Jan 21;389(10066):255-265. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32517-X. Epub 2016 Dec 13.

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