Safety and Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin in Elderly Patients With Dementia and Muscle Stiffness

Summary

Aim of the study is to perform a pilot study to assess the impact of Botulinum toxin on muscle tone, and caregiver burden in individuals who are cognitively impaired and who are fully dependent. The primary objective is to confirm proof of principle that paratonic rigidity and the consequences associated with it can be reduced with injection of Botulinum toxin injections resulting in reduced care-giver burden. The secondary objectives are to determine optimal time points for evaluation of efficacy in this patient population and whether the time period is sufficient for washout of Botulinum toxin effect; determine most salient and sensitive outcome measures; identify obstacles in data gathering; and lastly, to determine feasibility of battery of assessments in this pilot study.

Timeline

Start

2010-12

Primary completion

2013-02

Completion

2014-01

Publications

• Background Canadian study of health and aging: study methods and prevalence of dementia. CMAJ. 1994 Mar 15;150(6):899-913.
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• Background Fox PJ, Kohatsu N, Max W, Arnsberger P. Estimating the costs of caring for people with Alzheimer disease in California: 2000-2040. J Public Health Policy. 2001;22(1):88-97.
• Background Hobbelen JS, Koopmans RT, Verhey FR, Habraken KM, de Bie RA. Diagnosing paratonia in the demented elderly: reliability and validity of the Paratonia Assessment Instrument (PAI). Int Psychogeriatr. 2008 Aug;20(4):840-52. doi: 10.1017/S1041610207006424. Epub 2008 Jan 7.
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• Background Hobbelen JS, Verhey FR, Bor JH, de Bie RA, Koopmans RT. Passive movement therapy in patients with moderate to severe paratonia; study protocol of a randomised clinical trial (ISRCTN43069940). BMC Geriatr. 2007 Dec 19;7:30. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-7-30.
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• Background Brashear A, Gordon MF, Elovic E, Kassicieh VD, Marciniak C, Do M, Lee CH, Jenkins S, Turkel C; Botox Post-Stroke Spasticity Study Group. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of wrist and finger spasticity after a stroke. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug 8;347(6):395-400. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa011892.
• Background Elovic EP, Brashear A, Kaelin D, Liu J, Millis SR, Barron R, Turkel C. Repeated treatments with botulinum toxin type a produce sustained decreases in the limitations associated with focal upper-limb poststroke spasticity for caregivers and patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 May;89(5):799-806. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.01.007.
• Background Giovannelli M, Borriello G, Castri P, Prosperini L, Pozzilli C. Early physiotherapy after injection of botulinum toxin increases the beneficial effects on spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Clin Rehabil. 2007 Apr;21(4):331-7. doi: 10.1177/0269215507072772.
• Background Simpson DM, Gracies JM, Yablon SA, Barbano R, Brashear A; BoNT/TZD Study Team. Botulinum neurotoxin versus tizanidine in upper limb spasticity: a placebo-controlled study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;80(4):380-5. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.159657. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
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• Background Brin MF. Dosing, administration, and a treatment algorithm for use of botulinum toxin A for adult-onset spasticity. Spasticity Study Group. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S208-20. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(1997)6+3.0.co;2-1.
• Background Bhakta BB, Cozens JA, Chamberlain MA, Bamford JM. Impact of botulinum toxin type A on disability and carer burden due to arm spasticity after stroke: a randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;69(2):217-21. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.69.2.217.
• Background Warden V, Hurley AC, Volicer L. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2003 Jan-Feb;4(1):9-15. doi: 10.1097/01.JAM.0000043422.31640.F7.
• Background Naumann M, Yakovleff A, Durif F; BOTOX Cervical Dystonia Prospective Study Group. A randomized, double-masked, crossover comparison of the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A produced from the original bulk toxin source and current bulk toxin source for the treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol. 2002 Jan;249(1):57-63. doi: 10.1007/pl00007848.
• Background Albright AL, Barron WB, Fasick MP, Polinko P, Janosky J. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion for spasticity of cerebral origin. JAMA. 1993 Nov 24;270(20):2475-7.
• Background Smetanin P, Kobak P, Briante C, Ahmad S. Rising Tide: The Impact of Dementia in Canada 2008 to 2038. RiskAnalytica; 2009.
• Background Knapp M, Comas-Herrera, Somani A, Banerjee S. Dementia: Summary report for the National Audit Office international comparisons. London: Personal Social Services Research Unit London School of Economics and Political Science and Section of Mental Health and Ageing The Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London; 2007.
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• Background Bhakta BB, Tennant A, Cozens JA, et al. Application of item response theory to measure the disabling effects of severe upper limb spasticity in stroke and the consequent carer burden. Cerebrovascular Dis 1999;9:124.
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• Background Waardenburg H, Elvers W, Van Vechgel F, Oostendorp R. Can paratonia be measured reliably? Evaluation of the reliability of a visual analogue scale and the modified tonus sclae of Ashworth for measuring paratonia. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Fysiotherapie (in dutch) 1999;102:30-35.
• Kleiner-Fisman G, Khoo E, Moncrieffe N, Forbell T, Gryfe P, Fisman D. A randomized, placebo controlled pilot trial of botulinum toxin for paratonic rigidity in people with advanced cognitive impairment. PLoS One. 2014 Dec 23;9(12):e114733. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114733. eCollection 2014.

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Indications