Sevoflurane Associated With Oral Midazolam and Ketamine for Dental Sedation

Summary

There is still extensive debate on the best method of controlling the behavior of preschool children during dental treatment. Protective stabilization, moderate sedation and general anesthesia are advanced behavior control techniques indicated for the dental treatment of early childhood caries and offer advantages and disadvantages during the procedure or immediately after. Many children with early childhood caries require invasive dental treatment. According to the final report of a large epidemiological survey on the oral condition of Brazilians, five-year-old children had an average of 2.43 primary teeth with caries and fewer than 20% of these had been treated in 2010. This disease also remains a public health problem in most developed countries; 19.5% of 2-5-year-old American children have untreated cavities. There is, however, a lack of the ideal sedative. Such drugs must, on the one hand, control the behavior of integral form, provide amnesia, minimizing physical discomfort, distress and pain, and, on the other, safeguard security, with minimal effect on the cardio-respiratory function, minimizing the occurrence of adverse events, as well as allowing the return of the patient to a State that allows high safely. The investigators thus performed this prospective study with the aim to assess the occurrence of adverse events during dental treatment and in the first 24 hours after sedation with midazolam, ketamine and sevoflurane in children aged four to six years. Our hypothesis was that no differences in adverse events among different association of drugs could be found.

Timeline

Start

2012-01

Primary completion

2014-08

Completion

2014-11

Publications

• Background Dresser S, Melnyk BM. The effectiveness of conscious sedation on anxiety, pain, and procedural complications in young children. Pediatr Nurs. 2003 Jul-Aug;29(4):320-3. No abstract available.
• Background Cagiran E, Eyigor C, Sipahi A, Koca H, Balcioglu T, Uyar M. Comparison of oral Midazolam and Midazolam-Ketamine as sedative agents in paediatric dentistry. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2010 Mar;11(1):19-22.
• Background Lourenco-Matharu L, Ashley PF, Furness S. Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Mar 14;(3):CD003877. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003877.pub4.
• Background Hand D, Averley P, Lyne J, Girdler N. Advanced paediatric conscious sedation: an alternative to dental general anaesthetic in the U.K. SAAD Dig. 2011 Jan;27:24-9.
• Background American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). Guideline on Behavior Guidance for the Pediatric Dental Patient. Reference Manual 2013-2014, 35(6): 175-187.
• Background The use of physical restraint interventions for children and adolescents in the acute care setting. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Pediatrics. 1997 Mar;99(3):497-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.99.3.497.
• Background Heard C, Smith J, Creighton P, Joshi P, Feldman D, Lerman J. A comparison of four sedation techniques for pediatric dental surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Oct;20(10):924-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03402.x.
• Background Lourenco-Matharu L, Roberts GJ. Oral sedation for dental treatment in young children in a hospital setting. Br Dent J. 2010 Oct 9;209(7):E12. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.886. Epub 2010 Oct 1.
• Background Wilson S, Nathan JE. A survey study of sedation training in advanced pediatric dentistry programs: thoughts of program directors and students. Pediatr Dent. 2011 Jul-Aug;33(4):353-60.
• Background Wood M. The safety and efficacy of intranasal midazolam sedation combined with inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide and oxygen in paediatric dental patients as an alternative to general anaesthesia. SAAD Dig. 2010 Jan;26:12-22.
• Gomes HS, Gomes HS, Sado-Filho J, Costa LR, Costa PS. Does sevoflurane add to outpatient procedural sedation in children? A randomised clinical trial. BMC Pediatr. 2017 Mar 24;17(1):86. doi: 10.1186/s12887-017-0838-4.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.