Simethicone and N-acetylcysteine in Upper Endoscopy - Prospective Double-blinded Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

The upper endoscopy is one of the most common methods for the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases and provides a unique opportunity to identify early neoplastic lesions. Before an upper endoscopy it is required a 6 hour fasting period\[1\]. However, even with this fasting period, sometimes the mucosal visualization, especially in the stomach, is impaired by the presence of foam, bubbles or gastric mucus. To improve visualization of the gastric mucosa, it is possible to administrate an oral solution of defoaming agents such as Simethicone and mucolytic agents like Pronase or N-Acetylcysteine previously to the procedure. The aim of this project is to determine if the use of premedication with simethicone, alone or in association with N-Acetylcysteine, improves mucosal visualization during an upper GI endoscopy.

Timeline

Start

2015-04

Primary completion

2015-12

Completion

2016-01

Publications

• Background Faigel DO, Eisen GM, Baron TH, Dominitz JA, Goldstein JL, Hirota WK, Jacobson BC, Johanson JF, Leighton JA, Mallery JS, Raddawi HM, Vargo JJ 2nd, Waring JP, Fanelli RD, Wheeler-Harbough J; Standards of Practice Committee. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Preparation of patients for GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2003 Apr;57(4):446-50. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(03)80006-8. No abstract available.
• Background Asl SM, Sivandzadeh GR. Efficacy of premedication with activated Dimethicone or N-acetylcysteine in improving visibility during upper endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct 7;17(37):4213-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i37.4213.
• Background Chen MJ, Wang HY, Chang CW, Hu KC, Hung CY, Chen CJ, Shih SC. The add-on N-acetylcysteine is more effective than dimethicone alone to eliminate mucus during narrow-band imaging endoscopy: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb;48(2):241-5. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2012.749509. Epub 2012 Dec 27.
• Background Bhandari P, Green S, Hamanaka H, Nakajima T, Matsuda T, Saito Y, Oda I, Gotoda T. Use of Gascon and Pronase either as a pre-endoscopic drink or as targeted endoscopic flushes to improve visibility during gastroscopy: a prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded trial. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar;45(3):357-61. doi: 10.3109/00365520903483643.
• Background Ahsan M, Babaei L, Gholamrezaei A, Emami MH. Simethicone for the Preparation before Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Diagn Ther Endosc. 2011;2011:484532. doi: 10.1155/2011/484532. Epub 2011 Aug 4.
• Background Bertoni G, Gumina C, Conigliaro R, Ricci E, Staffetti J, Mortilla MG, Pacchione D. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of oral liquid simethicone prior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy. 1992 May;24(4):268-70. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1010479.
• Background Keeratichananont S, Sobhonslidsuk A, Kitiyakara T, Achalanan N, Soonthornpun S. The role of liquid simethicone in enhancing endoscopic visibility prior to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Aug;93(8):892-7.
• Background Kuo CH, Sheu BS, Kao AW, Wu CH, Chuang CH. A defoaming agent should be used with pronase premedication to improve visibility in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy. 2002 Jul;34(7):531-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-33220.
• Background Lee GJ, Park SJ, Kim SJ, Kim HH, Park MI, Moon W. Effectiveness of Premedication with Pronase for Visualization of the Mucosa during Endoscopy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clin Endosc. 2012 Jun;45(2):161-4. doi: 10.5946/ce.2012.45.2.161. Epub 2012 Jun 30.
• Background Fujii T, Iishi H, Tatsuta M, Hirasawa R, Uedo N, Hifumi K, Omori M. Effectiveness of premedication with pronase for improving visibility during gastroendoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 1998 May;47(5):382-7. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(98)70223-8.
• Background Zala G, Flury R, Wust J, Meyenberger C, Ammann R, Wirth HP. [Omeprazole/amoxicillin: improved eradication of Helicobacter pylori in smokers because of N-acetylcysteine]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1994 Aug 9;124(31-32):1391-7. German.
• Background Chang CC, Chen SH, Lin CP, Hsieh CR, Lou HY, Suk FM, Pan S, Wu MS, Chen JN, Chen YF. Premedication with pronase or N-acetylcysteine improves visibility during gastroendoscopy: an endoscopist-blinded, prospective, randomized study. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Jan 21;13(3):444-7. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i3.444.
• Background Chang WK, Yeh MK, Hsu HC, Chen HW, Hu MK. Efficacy of simethicone and N-acetylcysteine as premedication in improving visibility during upper endoscopy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Apr;29(4):769-74. doi: 10.1111/jgh.12487.
• Elvas L, Areia M, Brito D, Alves S, Saraiva S, Cadime AT. Premedication with simethicone and N-acetylcysteine in improving visibility during upper endoscopy: a double-blind randomized trial. Endoscopy. 2017 Feb;49(2):139-145. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-119034. Epub 2016 Nov 16.

Drugs

Indications