High Dose Chemotherapy Using BeEAM for Autologous Transplant in Multiple Myeloma

Summary

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as part of the up-front treatment of patients with multiple myeloma has been associated with improved disease-free and overall survival in multiple large randomized controlled trials. Following 3-6 cycles of standard induction therapy with biologic agents, consolidation with high dose Melphalan and ASCT has become the standard-of-care approach for fit myeloma patients up to 70 years of age. Single-agent high-dose Melphalan (200mg/m2) is currently the standard-of-care preparative regimen prior to autologous transplant in Myeloma. Historical studies utilizing Busulfan- or Total Body Irradiation-based preparative regimens have yielded similar results to single-agent Melphalan with higher toxicity.

Timeline

Start

2015-04-27

Primary completion

2020-03-26

Completion

2021-04-21

Publications

• Background Attal M, Harousseau JL. The role of high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell support in the era of novel agents. Semin Hematol. 2009 Apr;46(2):127-32. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2009.02.006.
• Background Harousseau JL, Attal M, Divine M, Marit G, Leblond V, Stoppa AM, Bourhis JH, Caillot D, Boasson M, Abgrall JF, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation after first remission induction treatment in multiple myeloma. A report of the French Registry on Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma. Stem Cells. 1995 Aug;13 Suppl 2:132-9. doi: 10.1002/stem.5530130721.
• Background Attal M, Harousseau JL, Stoppa AM, Sotto JJ, Fuzibet JG, Rossi JF, Casassus P, Maisonneuve H, Facon T, Ifrah N, Payen C, Bataille R. A prospective, randomized trial of autologous bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy in multiple myeloma. Intergroupe Francais du Myelome. N Engl J Med. 1996 Jul 11;335(2):91-7. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199607113350204.
• Background Harousseau JL, Avet-Loiseau H, Attal M, Charbonnel C, Garban F, Hulin C, Michallet M, Facon T, Garderet L, Marit G, Ketterer N, Lamy T, Voillat L, Guilhot F, Doyen C, Mathiot C, Moreau P. Achievement of at least very good partial response is a simple and robust prognostic factor in patients with multiple myeloma treated with high-dose therapy: long-term analysis of the IFM 99-02 and 99-04 Trials. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5720-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.1060. Epub 2009 Oct 13.
• Background Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV. Criteria for diagnosis, staging, risk stratification and response assessment of multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2009 Jan;23(1):3-9. doi: 10.1038/leu.2008.291. Epub 2008 Oct 30.
• Background Alexanian R, Weber D, Giralt S, Dimopoulos M, Delasalle K, Smith T, Champlin R. Impact of complete remission with intensive therapy in patients with responsive multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001 May;27(10):1037-43. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703035.
• Background Alvares CL, Davies FE, Horton C, Patel G, Powles R, Sirohi B, Zuha R, Gatt A, Saso R, Treleaven JG, Dearden CE, Potter MN, Ethell ME, Morgan GJ. Long-term outcomes of previously untreated myeloma patients: responses to induction chemotherapy and high-dose melphalan incorporated within a risk stratification model can help to direct the use of novel treatments. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(5):607-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05514.x.
• Background Bjorkstrand B, Goldstone AH, Ljungman P, Brandt L, Brunet S, Carlson K, Prentice G, Cavo M, Samson D, de Laurenzi A, et al. Prognostic factors in autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: an EBMT Registry Study. European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation. Leuk Lymphoma. 1994 Oct;15(3-4):265-72. doi: 10.3109/10428199409049723.
• Background Krejci M, Buchler T, Hajek R, Svobodnik A, Krivanova A, Pour L, Adam Z, Mayer J, Vorlicek J. Prognostic factors for survival after autologous transplantation: a single centre experience in 133 multiple myeloma patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2005 Jan;35(2):159-64. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1704728.
• Background O'Shea D, Giles C, Terpos E, Perz J, Politou M, Sana V, Naresh K, Lampert I, Samson D, Narat S, Kanfer E, Olavarria E, Apperley JF, Rahemtulla A. Predictive factors for survival in myeloma patients who undergo autologous stem cell transplantation: a single-centre experience in 211 patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Apr;37(8):731-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705307.
• Background Giralt S, Vesole DH, Somlo G, Krishnan A, Stadtmauer E, Mccarthy P, Pasquini MC; Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network Multiple Myeloma Working Group. Re: Tandem vs single autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2009 Jul 1;101(13):964; author reply 966-7. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djp126. Epub 2009 Jun 17. No abstract available.
• Background Harousseau JL, Moreau P. Evolving role of stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2005 Sep;6(2):89-95. doi: 10.3816/CLM.2005.n.034.
• Background Lahuerta JJ, Grande C, Martinez-Lopez J, De La Serna J, Toscano R, Ortiz MC, Larregla S, Conde E, Insunza A, Gonzalez-San Miguel JD, Bargay J, Cabrera R, Garcia-Ruiz JC, Albo C, Garcia-Alonso L, Solano F, Vivancos P, Leon A, San Miguel J; Grupo Espanol de Sindromes Linfoproliferativos/Trasplante Autologo de Medula Osea. Tandem transplants with different high-dose regimens improve the complete remission rates in multiple myeloma. Results of a Grupo Espanol de Sindromes Linfoproliferativos/Trasplante Autologo de Medula Osea phase II trial. Br J Haematol. 2003 Jan;120(2):296-303. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04067.x.
• Background Anagnostopoulos A, Aleman A, Ayers G, Donato M, Champlin R, Weber D, Alexanian R, Giralt S. Comparison of high-dose melphalan with a more intensive regimen of thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide for patients with multiple myeloma. Cancer. 2004 Jun 15;100(12):2607-12. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20294.
• Background Brinker BT, Waller EK, Leong T, Heffner LT Jr, Redei I, Langston AA, Lonial S. Maintenance therapy with thalidomide improves overall survival after autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. Cancer. 2006 May 15;106(10):2171-80. doi: 10.1002/cncr.21852.
• Background Desikan KR, Tricot G, Dhodapkar M, Fassas A, Siegel D, Vesole DH, Jagannath S, Singhal S, Mehta J, Spoon D, Anaissie E, Barlogie B, Munshi N. Melphalan plus total body irradiation (MEL-TBI) or cyclophosphamide (MEL-CY) as a conditioning regimen with second autotransplant in responding patients with myeloma is inferior compared to historical controls receiving tandem transplants with melphalan alone. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2000 Mar;25(5):483-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1702167.
• Background Shimoni A, Smith TL, Aleman A, Weber D, Dimopoulos M, Anderlini P, Andersson B, Claxton D, Ueno NT, Khouri I, Donato M, Korbling M, Alexanian R, Champlin R, Giralt S. Thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide (TBC) and autologous hematopoietic transplantation: an intensive regimen for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001 Apr;27(8):821-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703007.
• Background Christoforidou AV, Saliba RM, Williams P, Qazilbash M, Roden L, Aleman A, Weber D, Mendoza F, Podoloff D, Wendt R 3rd, Breitz H, Alexanian R, Champlin R, Giralt S. Results of a retrospective single institution analysis of targeted skeletal radiotherapy with (166)Holmium-DOTMP as conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplant for patients with multiple myeloma. Impact on transplant outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2007 May;13(5):543-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2006.12.448. Epub 2007 Feb 26.
• Background Giralt S, Bensinger W, Goodman M, Podoloff D, Eary J, Wendt R, Alexanian R, Weber D, Maloney D, Holmberg L, Rajandran J, Breitz H, Ghalie R, Champlin R. 166Ho-DOTMP plus melphalan followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma: results of two phase 1/2 trials. Blood. 2003 Oct 1;102(7):2684-91. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3250. Epub 2003 May 1.
• Background Moreau P, Facon T, Attal M, Hulin C, Michallet M, Maloisel F, Sotto JJ, Guilhot F, Marit G, Doyen C, Jaubert J, Fuzibet JG, Francois S, Benboubker L, Monconduit M, Voillat L, Macro M, Berthou C, Dorvaux V, Pignon B, Rio B, Matthes T, Casassus P, Caillot D, Najman N, Grosbois B, Bataille R, Harousseau JL; Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome. Comparison of 200 mg/m(2) melphalan and 8 Gy total body irradiation plus 140 mg/m(2) melphalan as conditioning regimens for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: final analysis of the Intergroupe Francophone du Myelome 9502 randomized trial. Blood. 2002 Feb 1;99(3):731-5. doi: 10.1182/blood.v99.3.731.
• Background Grey-Davies E, Bosworth JL, Boyd KD, Ebdon C, Saso R, Chitnavis D, Mercieca JE, Morgan GJ, Davies FE. Bendamustine, Thalidomide and Dexamethasone is an effective salvage regimen for advanced stage multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2012 Feb;156(4):552-5; author reply 555. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08887.x. Epub 2011 Sep 26. No abstract available.
• Background Lentzsch S, O'Sullivan A, Kennedy RC, Abbas M, Dai L, Pregja SL, Burt S, Boyiadzis M, Roodman GD, Mapara MY, Agha M, Waas J, Shuai Y, Normolle D, Zonder JA. Combination of bendamustine, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (BLD) in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma is feasible and highly effective: results of phase 1/2 open-label, dose escalation study. Blood. 2012 May 17;119(20):4608-13. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-395715. Epub 2012 Mar 26.
• Background Ludwig H, Kasparu H, Leitgeb C, Rauch E, Linkesch W, Zojer N, Greil R, Seebacher A, Pour L, Weissmann A, Adam Z. Bendamustine-bortezomib-dexamethasone is an active and well-tolerated regimen in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood. 2014 Feb 13;123(7):985-91. doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-521468. Epub 2013 Nov 13.
• Background Ponisch W, Heyn S, Beck J, Wagner I, Mohren M, Hoffmann FA, Lange T, Schmalfeld M, Zehrfeld T, Schwarzer A, Winkelmann C, Edelmann T, Rohrborn R, Hebenstreit K, Al-Ali HK, Jakel N, Niederwieser D. Lenalidomide, bendamustine and prednisolone exhibits a favourable safety and efficacy profile in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: final results of a phase 1 clinical trial OSHO - #077. Br J Haematol. 2013 Jul;162(2):202-9. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12361. Epub 2013 May 21.
• Background Ponisch W, Mitrou PS, Merkle K, Herold M, Assmann M, Wilhelm G, Dachselt K, Richter P, Schirmer V, Schulze A, Subert R, Harksel B, Grobe N, Stelzer E, Schulze M, Bittrich A, Freund M, Pasold R, Friedrich T, Helbig W, Niederwieser D; East German Study Group of Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). Treatment of bendamustine and prednisone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma results in superior complete response rate, prolonged time to treatment failure and improved quality of life compared to treatment with melphalan and prednisone--a randomized phase III study of the East German Study Group of Hematology and Oncology (OSHO). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2006 Apr;132(4):205-12. doi: 10.1007/s00432-005-0074-4. Epub 2006 Jan 10.
• Background Visani G, Malerba L, Stefani PM, Capria S, Galieni P, Gaudio F, Specchia G, Meloni G, Gherlinzoni F, Giardini C, Falcioni S, Cuberli F, Gobbi M, Sarina B, Santoro A, Ferrara F, Rocchi M, Ocio EM, Caballero MD, Isidori A. BeEAM (bendamustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) before autologous stem cell transplantation is safe and effective for resistant/relapsed lymphoma patients. Blood. 2011 Sep 22;118(12):3419-25. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-04-351924. Epub 2011 Aug 3.

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