IL-2 for Multi Drug Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome

Summary

The aim of the study is to design an open-label phase 1-2 trial to assess safety and clinical and immunologic effects of repeated administration of recombinant low dose IL2 (Proleukin) in 5 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome unresponsive to drugs (steroids, calcineurin inhibitors, Rituximab), following the therapeutical scheme indicated for crioglobulinemic nephropathy: cycle1: IL2 1x106 /m2 s.c for 5 consecutive days cycle2: IL2 1.5 x106 / m2 s.c for 5 consecutive days, starting from 3 weeks after the first cycle. cycle3: IL2 1.5 x106 /m2 s.c for 5 consecutive days, starting from 6 weeks after the first cycle. Cycle 4: IL2 1.5 x106 /m2 s.c for 5 consecutive days, starting from 9 weeks after the first cycle. Current therapy with steroids and calcineurin inhibitors (Prograf) will be maintained during the first cycle and progressively reduced during the subsequent cycles. The first cycle will be performed during hospitalization in the investigators Unit; subsequent cycles will be performed at nephrology outpatients. All laboratory values normally utilized in the follow up of patients affected by idiopathic nephrotic syndrome will be evaluated during the first week of treatment and at the end of the protocol, together with specific cellular values (Tregs, B cells, NK).

Timeline

Start

2012-02

Primary completion

2012-08

Completion

2012-08

Publications

• Background Trompeter RS, Lloyd BW, Hicks J, White RH, Cameron JS. Long-term outcome for children with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. Lancet. 1985 Feb 16;1(8425):368-70. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91387-x.
• Background Sanna-Cherchi S, Caridi G, Weng PL, Scolari F, Perfumo F, Gharavi AG, Ghiggeri GM. Genetic approaches to human renal agenesis/hypoplasia and dysplasia. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 Oct;22(10):1675-84. doi: 10.1007/s00467-007-0479-1. Epub 2007 Apr 17.
• Background Pollak MR. Familial FSGS. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014 Sep;21(5):422-5. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.06.001.
• Background Vincenti F, Ghiggeri GM. New insights into the pathogenesis and the therapy of recurrent focal glomerulosclerosis. Am J Transplant. 2005 Jun;5(6):1179-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00968.x.
• Background Reiser J, von Gersdorff G, Loos M, Oh J, Asanuma K, Giardino L, Rastaldi MP, Calvaresi N, Watanabe H, Schwarz K, Faul C, Kretzler M, Davidson A, Sugimoto H, Kalluri R, Sharpe AH, Kreidberg JA, Mundel P. Induction of B7-1 in podocytes is associated with nephrotic syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2004 May;113(10):1390-7. doi: 10.1172/JCI20402.
• Background Bertelli R, Bodria M, Nobile M, Alloisio S, Barbieri R, Montobbio G, Patrone P, Ghiggeri GM. Regulation of innate immunity by the nucleotide pathway in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2011 Oct;166(1):55-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04441.x. Epub 2011 Jul 15.
• Background Ghiggeri GM, Cercignani G, Ginevri F, Bertelli R, Zetta L, Greco F, Candiano G, Trivelli A, Gusmano R. Puromycin aminonucleoside metabolism by glomeruli and glomerular epithelial cells in vitro. Kidney Int. 1991 Jul;40(1):35-42. doi: 10.1038/ki.1991.176.
• Background Ginevri F, Gusmano R, Oleggini R, Acerbo S, Bertelli R, Perfumo F, Cercignani G, Allegrini S, D'Allegri F, Ghiggeri G. Renal purine efflux and xanthine oxidase activity during experimental nephrosis in rats: difference between puromycin aminonucleoside and adriamycin nephrosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 1990 Mar;78(3):283-93. doi: 10.1042/cs0780283.
• Background Garin EH, Diaz LN, Mu W, Wasserfall C, Araya C, Segal M, Johnson RJ. Urinary CD80 excretion increases in idiopathic minimal-change disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Feb;20(2):260-6. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007080836. Epub 2008 Dec 3.
• Background Le Berre L, Bruneau S, Naulet J, Renaudin K, Buzelin F, Usal C, Smit H, Condamine T, Soulillou JP, Dantal J. Induction of T regulatory cells attenuates idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009 Jan;20(1):57-67. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007111244. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
• Background Wang YM, Zhang GY, Hu M, Polhill T, Sawyer A, Zhou JJ, Saito M, Watson D, Wu H, Wang Y, Wang XM, Wang Y, Harris DC, Alexander SI. CD8+ regulatory T cells induced by T cell vaccination protect against autoimmune nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Jun;23(6):1058-67. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011090914. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
• Background Bertelli R, Di Donato A, Cioni M, Grassi F, Ikehata M, Bonanni A, Rastaldi MP, Ghiggeri GM. LPS nephropathy in mice is ameliorated by IL-2 independently of regulatory T cells activity. PLoS One. 2014 Oct 24;9(10):e111285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111285. eCollection 2014.
• Background Polhill T, Zhang GY, Hu M, Sawyer A, Zhou JJ, Saito M, Webster KE, Wang Y, Wang Y, Grey ST, Sprent J, Harris DC, Alexander SI, Wang YM. IL-2/IL-2Ab complexes induce regulatory T cell expansion and protect against proteinuric CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012 Aug;23(8):1303-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011111130. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
• Background Saadoun D, Rosenzwajg M, Joly F, Six A, Carrat F, Thibault V, Sene D, Cacoub P, Klatzmann D. Regulatory T-cell responses to low-dose interleukin-2 in HCV-induced vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2067-77. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105143.
• Background Koreth J, Matsuoka K, Kim HT, McDonough SM, Bindra B, Alyea EP 3rd, Armand P, Cutler C, Ho VT, Treister NS, Bienfang DC, Prasad S, Tzachanis D, Joyce RM, Avigan DE, Antin JH, Ritz J, Soiffer RJ. Interleukin-2 and regulatory T cells in graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2011 Dec 1;365(22):2055-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1108188.
• Background Bertelli R, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Cioni M, Bodria M, Carrea A, Montobbio G, Barbano G, Ghiggeri GM. Failure of regulation results in an amplified oxidation burst by neutrophils in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2010 Jul 1;161(1):151-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04160.x. Epub 2010 May 19.
• Background Boyman O, Kovar M, Rubinstein MP, Surh CD, Sprent J. Selective stimulation of T cell subsets with antibody-cytokine immune complexes. Science. 2006 Mar 31;311(5769):1924-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1122927. Epub 2006 Feb 16.
• Background Kim MG, Koo TY, Yan JJ, Lee E, Han KH, Jeong JC, Ro H, Kim BS, Jo SK, Oh KH, Surh CD, Ahn C, Yang J. IL-2/anti-IL-2 complex attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through expansion of regulatory T cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Oct;24(10):1529-36. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2012080784. Epub 2013 Jul 5.
• Background Ravani P, Magnasco A, Edefonti A, Murer L, Rossi R, Ghio L, Benetti E, Scozzola F, Pasini A, Dallera N, Sica F, Belingheri M, Scolari F, Ghiggeri GM. Short-term effects of rituximab in children with steroid- and calcineurin-dependent nephrotic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Jun;6(6):1308-15. doi: 10.2215/CJN.09421010. Epub 2011 May 12.
• Background Ravani P, Ponticelli A, Siciliano C, Fornoni A, Magnasco A, Sica F, Bodria M, Caridi G, Wei C, Belingheri M, Ghio L, Merscher-Gomez S, Edefonti A, Pasini A, Montini G, Murtas C, Wang X, Muruve D, Vaglio A, Martorana D, Pani A, Scolari F, Reiser J, Ghiggeri GM. Rituximab is a safe and effective long-term treatment for children with steroid and calcineurin inhibitor-dependent idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int. 2013 Nov;84(5):1025-33. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.211. Epub 2013 Jun 5.
• Background Caridi G, Bertelli R, Di Duca M, Dagnino M, Emma F, Onetti Muda A, Scolari F, Miglietti N, Mazzucco G, Murer L, Carrea A, Massella L, Rizzoni G, Perfumo F, Ghiggeri GM. Broadening the spectrum of diseases related to podocin mutations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003 May;14(5):1278-86. doi: 10.1097/01.asn.0000060578.79050.e0.
• Background Caridi G, Perfumo F, Ghiggeri GM. NPHS2 (Podocin) mutations in nephrotic syndrome. Clinical spectrum and fine mechanisms. Pediatr Res. 2005 May;57(5 Pt 2):54R-61R. doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000160446.01907.B1. Epub 2005 Apr 6.
• Bonanni A, Bertelli R, Rossi R, Bruschi M, Di Donato A, Ravani P, Ghiggeri GM. A Pilot Study of IL2 in Drug-Resistant Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome. PLoS One. 2015 Sep 28;10(9):e0138343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138343. eCollection 2015.

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Indications