Botulinim Toxin Type A Injections by Different Guidance in Stroke Patients With Spasticity on Lower Extremities

Summary

Stroke may result in lower extremity spasticity, which interfere with motor voluntary function and activities of daily living. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been shown to improve lower extremity spasticity of stroke patients. There are no researches to compare the efficiency of BTX-A injection by different guidance methods in the deep muscles of lower extremity for stroke patients. The aims of investigator's study were to compare the effectiveness of BTX-A injection by different guidance methods (palpation of anatomical landmarks, ultrasonography direct) in deep spastic muscles of lower extremity for stroke patients with varus spasticity and spastic claw toes , and to study the correlation between muscles spasticity and elastic properties by the sonoelastography/acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and follow the change of elastic properties in spastic muscles after BTX-A injection. We will enroll 80 hemiplegic stroke patients with varus spasticity / spastic claw toes and duration more than 6 months. Under different guidance methods (palpation of anatomical landmarks, electric stimulation, ultrasonography direct and indirect methods), BTX-A will be injected to the flexor digitorum longus and posterior tibialis muscles. If the patients have moderate hallucis spasticity, flexor hallucis longus muscle will be injected. The BTX-A dose is 50 units for each muscle. Outcome measures include Modified Ashworth Scale, Brunnstrom stage, muscle power, range of motion, the visual analog scale of pain, Stroke Impact Scale, Barthel index and lower extremity function tests, balance test, Goal Attainment Scale, sonoelastography and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. All the assessments will be performed before BTX-A injection and followed up at 1 months, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months after injection. After performing all the assessments, investigator will investigate the efficiency of BTX-A by different guidance methods.

Timeline

Start

2015-10

Primary completion

2016-08

Completion

2016-08

Publications

• Background Stoquart GG, Detrembleur C, Palumbo S, Deltombe T, Lejeune TM. Effect of botulinum toxin injection in the rectus femoris on stiff-knee gait in people with stroke: a prospective observational study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Jan;89(1):56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.08.131.
• Background Caty GD, Detrembleur C, Bleyenheuft C, Deltombe T, Lejeune TM. Effect of simultaneous botulinum toxin injections into several muscles on impairment, activity, participation, and quality of life among stroke patients presenting with a stiff knee gait. Stroke. 2008 Oct;39(10):2803-8. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.516153. Epub 2008 Jul 17.
• Background Wissel J, Ward AB, Erztgaard P, Bensmail D, Hecht MJ, Lejeune TM, Schnider P, Altavista MC, Cavazza S, Deltombe T, Duarte E, Geurts AC, Gracies JM, Haboubi NH, Juan FJ, Kasch H, Katterer C, Kirazli Y, Manganotti P, Parman Y, Paternostro-Sluga T, Petropoulou K, Prempeh R, Rousseaux M, Slawek J, Tieranta N. European consensus table on the use of botulinum toxin type A in adult spasticity. J Rehabil Med. 2009 Jan;41(1):13-25. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0303.
• Background Chin TY, Nattrass GR, Selber P, Graham HK. Accuracy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in juvenile cerebral palsy: a comparison between manual needle placement and placement guided by electrical stimulation. J Pediatr Orthop. 2005 May-Jun;25(3):286-91. doi: 10.1097/01.bpo.0000150819.72608.86.
• Background Molloy FM, Shill HA, Kaelin-Lang A, Karp BI. Accuracy of muscle localization without EMG: implications for treatment of limb dystonia. Neurology. 2002 Mar 12;58(5):805-7. doi: 10.1212/wnl.58.5.805.
• Background Yang EJ, Rha DW, Yoo JK, Park ES. Accuracy of manual needle placement for gastrocnemius muscle in children with cerebral palsy checked against ultrasonography. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 May;90(5):741-4. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.10.025.
• Background O'Brien CF. Injection techniques for botulinum toxin using electromyography and electrical stimulation. Muscle Nerve Suppl. 1997;6:S176-80.
• Background Berweck S, Schroeder AS, Fietzek UM, Heinen F. Sonography-guided injection of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy. Lancet. 2004 Jan 17;363(9404):249-50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15351-2. No abstract available.
• Background Schroeder AS, Berweck S, Lee SH, Heinen F. Botulinum toxin treatment of children with cerebral palsy - a short review of different injection techniques. Neurotox Res. 2006 Apr;9(2-3):189-96. doi: 10.1007/BF03033938.
• Background Picelli A, Bonetti P, Fontana C, Barausse M, Dambruoso F, Gajofatto F, Tamburin S, Girardi P, Gimigliano R, Smania N. Accuracy of botulinum toxin type A injection into the gastrocnemius muscle of adults with spastic equinus: manual needle placement and electrical stimulation guidance compared using ultrasonography. J Rehabil Med. 2012 May;44(5):450-2. doi: 10.2340/16501977-0970.
• Background Picelli A, Tamburin S, Bonetti P, Fontana C, Barausse M, Dambruoso F, Gajofatto F, Santilli V, Smania N. Botulinum toxin type A injection into the gastrocnemius muscle for spastic equinus in adults with stroke: a randomized controlled trial comparing manual needle placement, electrical stimulation and ultrasonography-guided injection techniques. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Nov;91(11):957-64. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0b013e318269d7f3.
• Background Lim EC, Ong BK, Seet RC. Botulinum toxin-A injections for spastic toe clawing. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2006 Jan;12(1):43-7. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2005.06.008. Epub 2005 Sep 29.
• Background Suputtitada A. Local botulinum toxin type A injections in the treatment of spastic toes. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 Oct;81(10):770-5. doi: 10.1097/00002060-200210000-00009.

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