Alkaline Diet for Insulin Sensitivity

Summary

The purpose of this study is to test the effect of increasing the body pH acutely with an alkaline medication (sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, sodibic) on glucose metabolism post meal in non diabetic subjects with normal renal function. The investigators aim to determine whether there is an acute reduction in venous blood pH following a typical Western-style (high acid load) breakfast in healthy men and women, and whether this effect is attenuated by the concurrent administration of an alkaline medication. The effect on glucose metabolism, hunger/satiety and arterial stiffness post meal will be assessed.

Timeline

Start

2015-03

Primary completion

2016-12

Completion

2016-12

Publications

• Background DeFronzo RA, Beckles AD. Glucose intolerance following chronic metabolic acidosis in man. Am J Physiol. 1979 Apr;236(4):E328-34. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1979.236.4.E328.
• Background Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Bonnet F, Lajous M, Balkau B, Boutron-Rualt MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Dietary acid load and risk of type 2 diabetes: the E3N-EPIC cohort study. Diabetologia. 2014 Feb;57(2):313-20. doi: 10.1007/s00125-013-3100-0.
• Background Reaich D, Graham KA, Channon SM, Hetherington C, Scrimgeour CM, Wilkinson R, Goodship TH. Insulin-mediated changes in PD and glucose uptake after correction of acidosis in humans with CRF. Am J Physiol. 1995 Jan;268(1 Pt 1):E121-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.1.E121.
• Background Souto G, Donapetry C, Calvino J, Adeva MM. Metabolic acidosis-induced insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2011 Aug;9(4):247-53. doi: 10.1089/met.2010.0108. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
• Background Adeva MM, Souto G. Diet-induced metabolic acidosis. Clin Nutr. 2011 Aug;30(4):416-21. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2011.03.008. Epub 2011 Apr 9.
• Background Samocha-Bonet D, Campbell LV, Mori TA, Croft KD, Greenfield JR, Turner N, Heilbronn LK. Overfeeding reduces insulin sensitivity and increases oxidative stress, without altering markers of mitochondrial content and function in humans. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036320. Epub 2012 May 7.
• Background Farwell WR, Taylor EN. Serum bicarbonate, anion gap and insulin resistance in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabet Med. 2008 Jul;25(7):798-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02471.x.
• Background Mandel EI, Curhan GC, Hu FB, Taylor EN. Plasma bicarbonate and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. CMAJ. 2012 Sep 18;184(13):E719-25. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.120438. Epub 2012 Jul 23.
• Background Crawford SO, Hoogeveen RC, Brancati FL, Astor BC, Ballantyne CM, Schmidt MI, Young JH. Association of blood lactate with type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Carotid MRI Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Dec;39(6):1647-55. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyq126. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
• Background Lovejoy J, Newby FD, Gebhart SS, DiGirolamo M. Insulin resistance in obesity is associated with elevated basal lactate levels and diminished lactate appearance following intravenous glucose and insulin. Metabolism. 1992 Jan;41(1):22-7. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90185-d.
• Background Hayata H, Miyazaki H, Niisato N, Yokoyama N, Marunaka Y. Lowered extracellular pH is involved in the pathogenesis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014 Feb 28;445(1):170-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.162. Epub 2014 Feb 3.
• Background Akter S, Eguchi M, Kurotani K, Kochi T, Pham NM, Ito R, Kuwahara K, Tsuruoka H, Mizoue T, Kabe I, Nanri A. High dietary acid load is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension: the Furukawa Nutrition and Health Study. Nutrition. 2015 Feb;31(2):298-303. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.07.007. Epub 2014 Jul 30.
• Background Juraschek SP, Selvin E, Miller ER, Brancati FL, Young JH. Plasma lactate and diabetes risk in 8045 participants of the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Ann Epidemiol. 2013 Dec;23(12):791-796.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Oct 5.
• Background Heilbronn LK, Gan SK, Turner N, Campbell LV, Chisholm DJ. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism are lower in overweight and obese insulin-resistant subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Apr;92(4):1467-73. doi: 10.1210/jc.2006-2210. Epub 2007 Jan 23.
• Background Maalouf NM, Cameron MA, Moe OW, Adams-Huet B, Sakhaee K. Low urine pH: a novel feature of the metabolic syndrome. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Sep;2(5):883-8. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00670207. Epub 2007 Aug 16.

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Indications