Renoprotective Effects of Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes

Summary

Background: Worldwide, diabetic nephropathy or Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), is the most common cause of chronic and end-stage kidney disease. With the increasing rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), many more patients with DKD may be expected in the coming years. Large-sized prospective randomized clinical trials suggest that intensified glucose and blood pressure control, may halt the progression of DKD, both in type 1 diabetes and T2DM. However, despite the wide use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, a considerable amount of patients develop DKD during the course of diabetes, indicating an unmet need for renoprotective therapies. Sodium-glucose linked transporters (SGLT-2) inhibitors are novel glucose-lowering drugs for the treatment of T2DM. These agents seem to exert pleiotropic actions 'beyond glucose control', including reduction of blood pressure and body weight. In addition, SGLT-2 inhibitors decrease proximal sodium reabsorption and decrease glomerular pressure and albuminuria in rodents and type 1 diabetes patients. In rodents, SGLT-2 inhibitors also improved histopathological abnormalities associated with DKD. To date, the potential renoprotective effects and mechanisms of these agents have not been sufficiently detailed in human type 2 diabetes. The current study aims to explore the clinical effects and mechanistics of SGLT-2 inhibitors on renal physiology and biomarkers in metformin-treated T2DM patients with normal kidney function. Study Design: Randomized, double-blind, comparator-controlled, intervention trial Study Endpoints: Renal hemodynamics, i.e. measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR, ml/min) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, ml/min); 24-hour urinary solute excretion; markers of renal damage ; blood pressure; body anthropometrics; systemic hemodynamic variables (including stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance); arterial stiffness will be assessed by applanation tonometry, (SphygmoCor®); insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. Expected results: Treatment with the SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, as compared to the sulfonylurea (SU) derivative gliclazide, may confer renoprotection by improving renal hemodynamics, and decreasing blood pressure and body weight in type 2 diabetes.

Timeline

Start

2016-02

Primary completion

2018-09

Completion

2018-09

Publications

• Natale P, Tunnicliffe DJ, Toyama T, Palmer SC, Saglimbene VM, Ruospo M, Gargano L, Stallone G, Gesualdo L, Strippoli GF. Sodium-glucose co-transporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for people with chronic kidney disease and diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 21;5(5):CD015588. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015588.pub2.
• Suijk DLS, van Baar MJB, van Bommel EJM, Iqbal Z, Krebber MM, Vallon V, Touw D, Hoorn EJ, Nieuwdorp M, Kramer MMH, Joles JA, Bjornstad P, van Raalte DH. SGLT2 Inhibition and Uric Acid Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normal Kidney Function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 May;17(5):663-671. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11480821. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
• van Baar MJB, van Bommel EJM, Smits MM, Touw DJ, Nieuwdorp M, Ten Kate RW, Joles JA, van Raalte DH. Whole-body insulin clearance in people with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function: Relationship with glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and insulin sensitivity. J Diabetes Complications. 2022 Apr;36(4):108166. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108166. Epub 2022 Feb 20.
• van Bommel EJM, Geurts F, Muskiet MHA, Post A, Bakker SJL, Danser AHJ, Touw DJ, van Berkel M, Kramer MHH, Nieuwdorp M, Ferrannini E, Joles JA, Hoorn EJ, van Raalte DH. SGLT2 inhibition versus sulfonylurea treatment effects on electrolyte and acid-base balance: secondary analysis of a clinical trial reaching glycemic equipoise: Tubular effects of SGLT2 inhibition in Type 2 diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond). 2020 Dec 11;134(23):3107-3118. doi: 10.1042/CS20201274.
• van Bommel EJM, Smits MM, Ruiter D, Muskiet MHA, Kramer MHH, Nieuwdorp M, Touw DJ, Heerspink HJL, Joles JA, van Raalte DH. Effects of dapagliflozin and gliclazide on the cardiorenal axis in people with type 2 diabetes. J Hypertens. 2020 Sep;38(9):1811-1819. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002480.
• van Bommel EJM, Lytvyn Y, Perkins BA, Soleymanlou N, Fagan NM, Koitka-Weber A, Joles JA, Cherney DZI, van Raalte DH. Renal hemodynamic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in hyperfiltering people with type 1 diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes and normal kidney function. Kidney Int. 2020 Apr;97(4):631-635. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.12.021. No abstract available.
• van Bommel EJM, Herrema H, Davids M, Kramer MHH, Nieuwdorp M, van Raalte DH. Effects of 12-week treatment with dapagliflozin and gliclazide on faecal microbiome: Results of a double-blind randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2020 Apr;46(2):164-168. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.11.005. Epub 2019 Dec 6.

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