Topical Intranasal Tranexamic Acid for Epistaxis in the Emergency Department

Summary

It is estimated that epistaxis results in 4.5 million emergency department visits per year throughout the United States. Due to the adverse effects of standard treatment options for epistaxis, tranexamic acid (TXA) may be considered an attractive option. In previous studies, when used with nasal packing, TXA showed faster time to control of bleeding. The goal of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of topical intranasal TXA applied via atomizer for patients with epistaxis who present to the emergency department.

Timeline

Start

2016-02

Primary completion

2020-12-31

Completion

2020-12-31

Outcome

Outcome not reported

Stopped (Enrollment): “Terminate due to slow enrollment rate.”

Publications

• Background Morgan DJ, Kellerman R. Epistaxis: evaluation and treatment. Prim Care. 2014 Mar;41(1):63-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.007.
• Background Dunn CJ, Goa KL. Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in surgery and other indications. Drugs. 1999 Jun;57(6):1005-32. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199957060-00017.
• Background Pallin DJ, Chng YM, McKay MP, Emond JA, Pelletier AJ, Camargo CA Jr. Epidemiology of epistaxis in US emergency departments, 1992 to 2001. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 Jul;46(1):77-81. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.014.
• Background Kucik CJ, Clenney T. Management of epistaxis. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Jan 15;71(2):305-11.
• Background Villwock JA, Jones K. Recent trends in epistaxis management in the United States: 2008-2010. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013 Dec;139(12):1279-84. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2013.5220.
• Background Singer AJ, Blanda M, Cronin K, LoGiudice-Khwaja M, Gulla J, Bradshaw J, Katz A. Comparison of nasal tampons for the treatment of epistaxis in the emergency department: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2005 Feb;45(2):134-9. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.10.002.
• Background White A, O'Reilly BF. Oral tranexamic acid in the management of epistaxis. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1988 Feb;13(1):11-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.1988.tb00275.x.
• Background Tibbelin A, Aust R, Bende M, Holgersson M, Petruson B, Rundcrantz H, Alander U. Effect of local tranexamic acid gel in the treatment of epistaxis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 1995 Jul-Aug;57(4):207-9. doi: 10.1159/000276741.
• Background Zahed R, Moharamzadeh P, Alizadeharasi S, Ghasemi A, Saeedi M. A new and rapid method for epistaxis treatment using injectable form of tranexamic acid topically: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2013 Sep;31(9):1389-92. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2013.06.043. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
• Background Utkewicz MD, Brunetti L, Awad NI. Epistaxis complicated by rivaroxaban managed with topical tranexamic acid. Am J Emerg Med. 2015 Sep;33(9):1329.e5-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.02.049. Epub 2015 Mar 6. No abstract available.
• Background Klepfish A, Berrebi A, Schattner A. Intranasal tranexamic acid treatment for severe epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Arch Intern Med. 2001 Mar 12;161(5):767. doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.5.767. No abstract available.
• Background Aguilera X, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Hinarejos P, Jordan M, Leal J, Gonzalez JC, Monllau JC, Celaya F, Rodriguez-Arias A, Fernandez JA, Pelfort X, Puig-Verdie Ll. Topical and intravenous tranexamic acid reduce blood loss compared to routine hemostasis in total knee arthroplasty: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015 Jul;135(7):1017-25. doi: 10.1007/s00402-015-2232-8. Epub 2015 May 7.
• Background Waldow T, Szlapka M, Haferkorn M, Burger L, Plotze K, Matschke K. Prospective clinical trial on dosage optimizing of tranexamic acid in non-emergency cardiac surgery procedures. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2013 Jan 1;55(4):457-68. doi: 10.3233/CH-131782.
• Background Wolfe TR, Braude DA. Intranasal medication delivery for children: a brief review and update. Pediatrics. 2010 Sep;126(3):532-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0616. Epub 2010 Aug 9.
• Background Reuben A, Appelboam A, Stevens KN, Vickery J, Ewings P, Ingram W, Jeffery AN, Body R, Hilton M, Coppell J, Wainman B, Barton A. The Use of Tranexamic Acid to Reduce the Need for Nasal Packing in Epistaxis (NoPAC): Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Jun;77(6):631-640. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.12.013. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
• Background Akkan S, Corbacioglu SK, Aytar H, Emektar E, Dagar S, Cevik Y. Evaluating Effectiveness of Nasal Compression With Tranexamic Acid Compared With Simple Nasal Compression and Merocel Packing: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2019 Jul;74(1):72-78. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.03.030. Epub 2019 May 9.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.