Probiotics in Newly Recognized Type 1 Diabetes

Summary

They are major genera of bacteria that make up the colon flora in human, constitute intestinal microbial homeostasis, inhibit growth of pathogens, improve the gut mucosal barrier and modulate local and systemic immune responses. Changes in gut microbiota can influence the immune system by increasing gut permeability, intestinal inflammation, and impaired oral tolerance in type 1 diabetes.Taken together, the data imply that bacteriotherapy may potentially be used as a tool to modulate the immune system for preventing islet destruction. Supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 improved blood glucose control in normoglycaemic pregnant women and reduced the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus Aim of the study: The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 on beta-cell function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial. Primary end point: Area under the curve (AUC) of c-peptide level during during fasting and at 30,60,90,120 min following the start of the meal Intervention: Included patients will be randomly assigned to receive a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 (Probiotics Group ) or placebo (Placebo Group ) during six months. The expected results: Beneficial effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 on beta-cell function shown in the properly performed, methodologically accurate study would create a rationale for its routine use in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Timeline

Start

2017-07-15

Primary completion

2018-12

Completion

2018-12

Publications

• Background Kriegel MA, Sefik E, Hill JA, Wu HJ, Benoist C, Mathis D. Naturally transmitted segmented filamentous bacteria segregate with diabetes protection in nonobese diabetic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 12;108(28):11548-53. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1108924108. Epub 2011 Jun 27.
• Background Greenbaum CJ, Beam CA, Boulware D, Gitelman SE, Gottlieb PA, Herold KC, Lachin JM, McGee P, Palmer JP, Pescovitz MD, Krause-Steinrauf H, Skyler JS, Sosenko JM; Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group. Fall in C-peptide during first 2 years from diagnosis: evidence of at least two distinct phases from composite Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet data. Diabetes. 2012 Aug;61(8):2066-73. doi: 10.2337/db11-1538. Epub 2012 Jun 11.
• Background Effect of intensive therapy on residual beta-cell function in patients with type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial. A randomized, controlled trial. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 1998 Apr 1;128(7):517-23. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-128-7-199804010-00001.
• Background Shapiro AM, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Auchincloss H, Lindblad R, Robertson RP, Secchi A, Brendel MD, Berney T, Brennan DC, Cagliero E, Alejandro R, Ryan EA, DiMercurio B, Morel P, Polonsky KS, Reems JA, Bretzel RG, Bertuzzi F, Froud T, Kandaswamy R, Sutherland DE, Eisenbarth G, Segal M, Preiksaitis J, Korbutt GS, Barton FB, Viviano L, Seyfert-Margolis V, Bluestone J, Lakey JR. International trial of the Edmonton protocol for islet transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 28;355(13):1318-30. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa061267.
• Background Laitinen K, Poussa T, Isolauri E; Nutrition, Allergy, Mucosal Immunology and Intestinal Microbiota Group. Probiotics and dietary counselling contribute to glucose regulation during and after pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2009 Jun;101(11):1679-87. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508111461. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
• Background Luoto R, Laitinen K, Nermes M, Isolauri E. Impact of maternal probiotic-supplemented dietary counselling on pregnancy outcome and prenatal and postnatal growth: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Nutr. 2010 Jun;103(12):1792-9. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509993898. Epub 2010 Feb 4.
• Results Badami E, Sorini C, Coccia M, Usuelli V, Molteni L, Bolla AM, Scavini M, Mariani A, King C, Bosi E, Falcone M. Defective differentiation of regulatory FoxP3+ T cells by small-intestinal dendritic cells in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2011 Aug;60(8):2120-4. doi: 10.2337/db10-1201. Epub 2011 Jun 6.
• Results Hara N, Alkanani AK, Ir D, Robertson CE, Wagner BD, Frank DN, Zipris D. The role of the intestinal microbiota in type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol. 2013 Feb;146(2):112-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.12.001. Epub 2012 Dec 11.
• Results Ludvigsson J, Faresjo M, Hjorth M, Axelsson S, Cheramy M, Pihl M, Vaarala O, Forsander G, Ivarsson S, Johansson C, Lindh A, Nilsson NO, Aman J, Ortqvist E, Zerhouni P, Casas R. GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 30;359(18):1909-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804328. Epub 2008 Oct 8.
• Results American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2014. Diabetes Care. 2014 Jan;37 Suppl 1:S14-80. doi: 10.2337/dc14-S014. No abstract available.
• Results Mejia-Leon ME, Petrosino JF, Ajami NJ, Dominguez-Bello MG, de la Barca AM. Fecal microbiota imbalance in Mexican children with type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2014 Jan 22;4:3814. doi: 10.1038/srep03814.
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• Results Murri M, Leiva I, Gomez-Zumaquero JM, Tinahones FJ, Cardona F, Soriguer F, Queipo-Ortuno MI. Gut microbiota in children with type 1 diabetes differs from that in healthy children: a case-control study. BMC Med. 2013 Feb 21;11:46. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-46.
• Results Vaarala O. Human intestinal microbiota and type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2013 Oct;13(5):601-7. doi: 10.1007/s11892-013-0409-5.
• Results Vaarala O, Atkinson MA, Neu J. The "perfect storm" for type 1 diabetes: the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota, gut permeability, and mucosal immunity. Diabetes. 2008 Oct;57(10):2555-62. doi: 10.2337/db08-0331.
• Results de Goffau MC, Luopajarvi K, Knip M, Ilonen J, Ruohtula T, Harkonen T, Orivuori L, Hakala S, Welling GW, Harmsen HJ, Vaarala O. Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with beta-cell autoimmunity and those without. Diabetes. 2013 Apr;62(4):1238-44. doi: 10.2337/db12-0526. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
• Results Hague A, Butt AJ, Paraskeva C. The role of butyrate in human colonic epithelial cells: an energy source or inducer of differentiation and apoptosis? Proc Nutr Soc. 1996 Nov;55(3):937-43. doi: 10.1079/pns19960090. No abstract available.
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• Results Brown CT, Davis-Richardson AG, Giongo A, Gano KA, Crabb DB, Mukherjee N, Casella G, Drew JC, Ilonen J, Knip M, Hyoty H, Veijola R, Simell T, Simell O, Neu J, Wasserfall CH, Schatz D, Atkinson MA, Triplett EW. Gut microbiome metagenomics analysis suggests a functional model for the development of autoimmunity for type 1 diabetes. PLoS One. 2011;6(10):e25792. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025792. Epub 2011 Oct 17.
• Results Luopajarvi K, Savilahti E, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Knip M, Akerblom HK, Vaarala O. Enhanced levels of cow's milk antibodies in infancy in children who develop type 1 diabetes later in childhood. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008 Oct;9(5):434-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00413.x. Epub 2008 May 21.
• Results Turley SJ, Lee JW, Dutton-Swain N, Mathis D, Benoist C. Endocrine self and gut non-self intersect in the pancreatic lymph nodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 6;102(49):17729-33. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0509006102. Epub 2005 Nov 29.
• Results Oikarinen M, Tauriainen S, Oikarinen S, Honkanen T, Collin P, Rantala I, Maki M, Kaukinen K, Hyoty H. Type 1 diabetes is associated with enterovirus infection in gut mucosa. Diabetes. 2012 Mar;61(3):687-91. doi: 10.2337/db11-1157. Epub 2012 Feb 7.
• Results King C, Sarvetnick N. The incidence of type-1 diabetes in NOD mice is modulated by restricted flora not germ-free conditions. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 25;6(2):e17049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017049.
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• Results Valladares R, Sankar D, Li N, Williams E, Lai KK, Abdelgeliel AS, Gonzalez CF, Wasserfall CH, Larkin J, Schatz D, Atkinson MA, Triplett EW, Neu J, Lorca GL. Lactobacillus johnsonii N6.2 mitigates the development of type 1 diabetes in BB-DP rats. PLoS One. 2010 May 6;5(5):e10507. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010507.
• Groele L, Szajewska H, Szalecki M, Swiderska J, Wysocka-Mincewicz M, Ochocinska A, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U, Szypowska A. Lack of effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on beta-cell function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2021 Mar;9(1):e001523. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001523.
• Groele L, Szajewska H, Szypowska A. Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on beta-cell function in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 11;7(10):e017178. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017178.

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