Relevance of Monitoring Blood and Salivar Levels of Drugs Used in Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases

Summary

No drug treatment is completely free of risk and lack of response, adverse events and poor adherence may affect its effectiveness. Within this context, this project aims to evaluate the importance of monitoring blood levels and salivary drug used in rheumatic autoimmune diseases in the monitoring of adherence to therapy. In addition, this project intends to use the monitoring of drug levels, based on pharmacokinetic studies and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling, to broaden the understanding of the possible cellular, tissue and immunological mechanisms involved in efficacy and adverse effects of these drugs with the prospect of reducing the damage and maintain therapeutic efficacy. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry, which will be used to evaluate hydroxychloroquine, thalidomide, glucocorticoids, is considered the gold standard technology to qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs in blood and its comparison with the dosage in the saliva is an improvement in simplification of the process. For biological agents the focus will be on the understanding the loss of efficacy and the possible role of anti-TNF antibodies using ELISA capture methodology.This project will be divided into four sections with their respective sub-projects according to the medications that will be studied: hydroxychloroquine, thalidomide, biologic agents and glucocorticoids.

Timeline

Start

2017-06-05

Primary completion

2020-12-30

Completion

2021-03-30

Publications

• Background Albrecht J, Taylor L, Berlin JA, Dulay S, Ang G, Fakharzadeh S, Kantor J, Kim E, Militello G, McGinnis K, Richardson S, Treat J, Vittorio C, Van Voorhees A, Werth VP. The CLASI (Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index): an outcome instrument for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Nov;125(5):889-94. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23889.x.
• Background Bai N, Cui XY, Wang J, Sun CG, Mei HK, Liang BB, Cai Y, Song XJ, Gu JK, Wang R. Determination of thalidomide concentration in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Exp Ther Med. 2013 Feb;5(2):626-630. doi: 10.3892/etm.2012.847. Epub 2012 Nov 30.
• Background Bernstein HN. Ocular safety of hydroxychloroquine. Ann Ophthalmol. 1991 Aug;23(8):292-6.
• Background Briani C, Zara G, Rondinone R, Della Libera S, Ermani M, Ruggero S, Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Doria A. Thalidomide neurotoxicity: prospective study in patients with lupus erythematosus. Neurology. 2004 Jun 22;62(12):2288-90. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000130499.91775.2c.
• Background Coelho A, Souto MI, Cardoso CR, Salgado DR, Schmal TR, Waddington Cruz M, de Souza Papi JA. Long-term thalidomide use in refractory cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus: a 65 series of Brazilian patients. Lupus. 2005;14(6):434-9. doi: 10.1191/0961203305lu2124oa.
• Background Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Amoura Z, Hulot JS, Hammoud HA, Aymard G, Cacoub P, Frances C, Wechsler B, Huong du LT, Ghillani P, Musset L, Lechat P, Piette JC. Low blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine is a marker for and predictor of disease exacerbations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Oct;54(10):3284-90. doi: 10.1002/art.22156.
• Background Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Pouchot J, Guettrot-Imbert G, Le Guern V, Leroux G, Marra D, Morel N, Piette JC. Adherence to treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2013 Jun;27(3):329-40. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2013.07.001.
• Background Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Dunogue B, Morel N, Le Guern V, Guettrot-Imbert G. Hydroxychloroquine: a multifaceted treatment in lupus. Presse Med. 2014 Jun;43(6 Pt 2):e167-80. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.03.007. Epub 2014 May 19.
• Background Cuadrado MJ, Karim Y, Sanna G, Smith E, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR. Thalidomide for the treatment of resistant cutaneous lupus: efficacy and safety of different therapeutic regimens. Am J Med. 2005 Mar;118(3):246-50. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.04.030.
• Background Frances C, Cosnes A, Duhaut P, Zahr N, Soutou B, Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Bessis D, Chevrant-Breton J, Cordel N, Lipsker D, Costedoat-Chalumeau N. Low blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a French multicenter prospective study. Arch Dermatol. 2012 Apr;148(4):479-84. doi: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.2558.
• Background Giannini F, Volpi N, Rossi S, Passero S, Fimiani M, Cerase A. Thalidomide-induced neuropathy: a ganglionopathy? Neurology. 2003 Mar 11;60(5):877-8. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000049462.03800.b1. No abstract available.
• Background Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002 Feb;29(2):288-91.
• Background Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Sep;40(9):1725. doi: 10.1002/art.1780400928. No abstract available.
• Background Jallouli M, Galicier L, Zahr N, Aumaitre O, Frances C, Le Guern V, Liote F, Smail A, Limal N, Perard L, Desmurs-Clavel H, Le Thi Huong D, Asli B, Kahn JE, Pourrat J, Sailler L, Ackermann F, Papo T, Sacre K, Fain O, Stirnemann J, Cacoub P, Leroux G, Cohen-Bittan J, Sellam J, Mariette X, Blanchet B, Hulot JS, Amoura Z, Piette JC, Costedoat-Chalumeau N; Plaquenil Lupus Systemic Study Group. Determinants of hydroxychloroquine blood concentration variations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015 May;67(8):2176-84. doi: 10.1002/art.39194.
• Background Knop J, Bonsmann G, Happle R, Ludolph A, Matz DR, Mifsud EJ, Macher E. Thalidomide in the treatment of sixty cases of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol. 1983 Apr;108(4):461-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04600.x.
• Background Kyriakis KP, Kontochristopoulos GJ, Panteleos DN. Experience with low-dose thalidomide therapy in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. Int J Dermatol. 2000 Mar;39(3):218-22. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00953.x.
• Background Michaelides M, Stover NB, Francis PJ, Weleber RG. Retinal toxicity associated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: risk factors, screening, and progression despite cessation of therapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Jan;129(1):30-9. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.321.
• Background Morita S, Takahashi T, Yoshida Y, Yokota N. Population Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxychloroquine in Japanese Patients With Cutaneous or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ther Drug Monit. 2016 Apr;38(2):259-67. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0000000000000261.
• Background Tsakonas E, Joseph L, Esdaile JM, Choquette D, Senecal JL, Cividino A, Danoff D, Osterland CK, Yeadon C, Smith CD. A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group. Lupus. 1998;7(2):80-5. doi: 10.1191/096120398678919778.
• Zanetti CB, Pedrosa T, Kupa LVK, Aikawa NE, Borba EF, Vendramini MBG, Silva CA, Pasoto SG, Bonfa E. Hydroxychloroquine blood levels in stable lupus nephritis under low dose (2-3 mg/kg/day): 12-month prospective randomized controlled trial. Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Jul;40(7):2745-2751. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05600-2. Epub 2021 Jan 24.

Drugs

Indications