Gestational Diabetes and Pharmacotherapy (GAP)

Summary

The goal of this study is to compare two different thresholds for initiation of medical treatment for GDM. Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM will be randomized to either start pharmacotherapy when they have reached at least 20% or at least 40% of capillary blood glucose (CBG) values above the target goal. The investigators hypothesize that a lower threshold of 20% elevated CBG levels, compared to 40%, will lead to lower rates of obstetric and medical complications.

Timeline

Start

2021-05-04

Primary completion

2026-06-15

Completion

2026-10-01

Publications

• Background ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 190: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Feb;131(2):e49-e64. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002501.
• Background Hartling L, Dryden DM, Guthrie A, Muise M, Vandermeer B, Donovan L. Benefits and harms of treating gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research. Ann Intern Med. 2013 Jul 16;159(2):123-9. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-2-201307160-00661.
• Background Langer O, Yogev Y, Most O, Xenakis EM. Gestational diabetes: the consequences of not treating. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Apr;192(4):989-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.11.039.
• Background Crowther CA, Hiller JE, Moss JR, McPhee AJ, Jeffries WS, Robinson JS; Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Effect of treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus on pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jun 16;352(24):2477-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042973. Epub 2005 Jun 12.
• Background Landon MB, Spong CY, Thom E, Carpenter MW, Ramin SM, Casey B, Wapner RJ, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Thorp JM Jr, Sciscione A, Catalano P, Harper M, Saade G, Lain KY, Sorokin Y, Peaceman AM, Tolosa JE, Anderson GB; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. A multicenter, randomized trial of treatment for mild gestational diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 1;361(14):1339-48. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0902430.
• Background Athukorala C, Crowther CA, Willson K; Austrailian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) Trial Group. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus in the ACHOIS trial: risk factors for shoulder dystocia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007 Feb;47(1):37-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00676.x.
• Background Gilbert WM, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B. Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury. Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Apr;93(4):536-40. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00484-0.
• Background Boney CM, Verma A, Tucker R, Vohr BR. Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics. 2005 Mar;115(3):e290-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2004-1808.
• Background Clausen TD, Mathiesen ER, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Jensen DM, Lauenborg J, Schmidt L, Damm P. Overweight and the metabolic syndrome in adult offspring of women with diet-treated gestational diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jul;94(7):2464-70. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0305. Epub 2009 May 5.
• Background Dabelea D, Snell-Bergeon JK, Hartsfield CL, Bischoff KJ, Hamman RF, McDuffie RS; Kaiser Permanente of Colorado GDM Screening Program. Increasing prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) over time and by birth cohort: Kaiser Permanente of Colorado GDM Screening Program. Diabetes Care. 2005 Mar;28(3):579-84. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.579.
• Background American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2012 Jan;35 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S64-71. doi: 10.2337/dc12-s064. No abstract available.
• Background HAPO Study Cooperative Research Group; Metzger BE, Lowe LP, Dyer AR, Trimble ER, Chaovarindr U, Coustan DR, Hadden DR, McCance DR, Hod M, McIntyre HD, Oats JJ, Persson B, Rogers MS, Sacks DA. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 8;358(19):1991-2002. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0707943.
• Background Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care. 2002 Oct;25(10):1862-8. doi: 10.2337/diacare.25.10.1862.
• Background Caissutti C, Berghella V. Scientific Evidence for Different Options for GDM Screening and Management: Controversies and Review of the Literature. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2746471. doi: 10.1155/2017/2746471. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
• Background Rumbold AR, Crowther CA. Guideline use for gestational diabetes mellitus and current screening, diagnostic and management practices in Australian hospitals. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2001 Feb;41(1):86-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.2001.tb01301.x.
• Background American Diabetes Association. 13. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy. Diabetes Care. 2017 Jan;40(Suppl 1):S114-S119. doi: 10.2337/dc17-S016. No abstract available.

Drugs

Indications