9-ING-41 in Patients With Advanced Cancers

Summary

GSK-3β is a potentially important therapeutic target in human malignancies. The Actuate 1801 Phase 1/2 study is designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 9-ING-41, a potent GSK-3β inhibitor, as a single agent and in combination with cytotoxic agents, in patients with refractory cancers.

Timeline

Start

2019-01-04

Primary completion

2026-06

Completion

2026-06

Publications

• Results Ugolkov AV, Bondarenko GI, Dubrovskyi O, Berbegall AP, Navarro S, Noguera R, O'Halloran TV, Hendrix MJ, Giles FJ, Mazar AP. 9-ING-41, a small-molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor, is active in neuroblastoma. Anticancer Drugs. 2018 Sep;29(8):717-724. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000652.
• Results Karmali R, Chukkapalli V, Gordon LI, Borgia JA, Ugolkov A, Mazar AP, Giles FJ. GSK-3beta inhibitor, 9-ING-41, reduces cell viability and halts proliferation of B-cell lymphoma cell lines as a single agent and in combination with novel agents. Oncotarget. 2017 Nov 11;8(70):114924-114934. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.22414. eCollection 2017 Dec 29.
• Results Ugolkov A, Qiang W, Bondarenko G, Procissi D, Gaisina I, James CD, Chandler J, Kozikowski A, Gunosewoyo H, O'Halloran T, Raizer J, Mazar AP. Combination Treatment with the GSK-3 Inhibitor 9-ING-41 and CCNU Cures Orthotopic Chemoresistant Glioblastoma in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Transl Oncol. 2017 Aug;10(4):669-678. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jun 30.
• Results Ugolkov A, Gaisina I, Zhang JS, Billadeau DD, White K, Kozikowski A, Jain S, Cristofanilli M, Giles F, O'Halloran T, Cryns VL, Mazar AP. GSK-3 inhibition overcomes chemoresistance in human breast cancer. Cancer Lett. 2016 Oct 1;380(2):384-392. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
• Results Pal K, Cao Y, Gaisina IN, Bhattacharya S, Dutta SK, Wang E, Gunosewoyo H, Kozikowski AP, Billadeau DD, Mukhopadhyay D. Inhibition of GSK-3 induces differentiation and impaired glucose metabolism in renal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2014 Feb;13(2):285-96. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-13-0681. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
• Results Walz A, Ugolkov A, Chandra S, Kozikowski A, Carneiro BA, O'Halloran TV, Giles FJ, Billadeau DD, Mazar AP. Molecular Pathways: Revisiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta as a Target for the Treatment of Cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Apr 15;23(8):1891-1897. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-15-2240. Epub 2017 Jan 4.
• Results Ugolkov AV, Matsangou M, Taxter TJ, O'Halloran TV, Cryns VL, Giles FJ, Mazar AP. Aberrant expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in human breast and head and neck cancer. Oncol Lett. 2018 Nov;16(5):6437-6444. doi: 10.3892/ol.2018.9483. Epub 2018 Sep 21.
• Results Sahin I, Eturi A, De Souza A, Pamarthy S, Tavora F, Giles FJ, Carneiro BA. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors as novel cancer treatments and modulators of antitumor immune responses. Cancer Biol Ther. 2019;20(8):1047-1056. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1595283. Epub 2019 Apr 12.
• Results Wu X, Stenson M, Abeykoon J, Nowakowski K, Zhang L, Lawson J, Wellik L, Li Y, Krull J, Wenzl K, Novak AJ, Ansell SM, Bishop GA, Billadeau DD, Peng KW, Giles F, Schmitt DM, Witzig TE. Targeting glycogen synthase kinase 3 for therapeutic benefit in lymphoma. Blood. 2019 Jul 25;134(4):363-373. doi: 10.1182/blood.2018874560. Epub 2019 May 17.
• Results Ding L, Madamsetty VS, Kiers S, Alekhina O, Ugolkov A, Dube J, Zhang Y, Zhang JS, Wang E, Dutta SK, Schmitt DM, Giles FJ, Kozikowski AP, Mazar AP, Mukhopadhyay D, Billadeau DD. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by Abrogating the TopBP1/ATR-Mediated DNA Damage Response. Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Nov 1;25(21):6452-6462. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-19-0799. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
• Results Jeffers A, Qin W, Owens S, Koenig KB, Komatsu S, Giles FJ, Schmitt DM, Idell S, Tucker TA. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta Inhibition with 9-ING-41 Attenuates the Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 12;9(1):18925. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55176-w.
• Results Kuroki H, Anraku T, Kazama A, Bilim V, Tasaki M, Schmitt D, Mazar AP, Giles FJ, Ugolkov A, Tomita Y. 9-ING-41, a small molecule inhibitor of GSK-3beta, potentiates the effects of anticancer therapeutics in bladder cancer. Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 27;9(1):19977. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56461-4.
• Results Anraku T, Kuroki H, Kazama A, Bilim V, Tasaki M, Schmitt D, Mazar A, Giles FJ, Ugolkov A, Tomita Y. Clinically relevant GSK-3beta inhibitor 9-ING-41 is active as a single agent and in combination with other antitumor therapies in human renal cancer. Int J Mol Med. 2020 Feb;45(2):315-323. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4427. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
• Mahalingam D, Shroff RT, Carneiro BA, Ji Y, Coveler AL, Cervantes A, Sahai V, Ploquin A, Hiret S, LoConte NK, Percent IJ, Lopez CD, Pernot S, Kavan P, Mulcahy M, Carr R, Giles FJ, Seifarth C, Ugolkov A, Weiskittel T, Fine G, Jaros M, Mazar AP, Bekaii-Saab TS. Elraglusib and chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a randomized controlled phase 2 trial. Nat Med. 2026 May;32(5):1794-1804. doi: 10.1038/s41591-026-04327-4. Epub 2026 Apr 14.
• Hsu A, Huntington KE, De Souza A, Zhou L, Olszewski AJ, Makwana NP, Treaba DO, Cavalcante L, Giles FJ, Safran H, El-Deiry WS, Carneiro BA. Clinical activity of 9-ING-41, a small molecule selective glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3beta) inhibitor, in refractory adult T-Cell leukemia/lymphoma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2022 Dec 31;23(1):417-423. doi: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2088984.
• Hattinger CM, Patrizio MP, Magagnoli F, Luppi S, Serra M. An update on emerging drugs in osteosarcoma: towards tailored therapies? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2019 Sep;24(3):153-171. doi: 10.1080/14728214.2019.1654455. Epub 2019 Aug 14.

Drugs

Indications