Adjuvant Chemotherapy vs. Observation/Mitotane After Primary Surgical Resection of Localized Adrenocortical CarcInoma

Summary

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy. Despite complete resection of early-stage disease recurrence rates in ACC are very high (60%.70%). Patients with Ki67 ≥ 10% are considered at high risk for ACC recurrence, whereas patients with Ki67\<10% are considered to have low/intermediate risk for recurrence. No study are ongoing on adjuvant systemic therapy in ACC patients that are at high risk of relapse. These patients represent 70-80% of all ACC radically operated. In this setting mitotane is widely prescribed. The efficacy of mitotane is known to be dependent on the attainment of serum drug levels in the so called therapeutic range that is above 14 mg/l. However, ACC patients with high relapse risk may develop disease recurrence before mitotane serum levels attain the target concentration. Chemotherapy with cisplatin containing regimen was shown to be efficacious in the management of ACC in few phase II trials. Based on the background, there is a strong rationale of administering chemotherapy in radically operated ACC patients with high risk of relapse defined as follows: stage I-III ACC (according to the ENSAT classification) with either microscopically complete resection (R0), microscopically positive margins (R1), or undetermined margins (RX) and Ki67≥10% (for a further definition of this condition, see the study population paragraph). In clinical practice, adjuvant mitotane alone or cisplatin-based chemotherapy or the combination of both are used worldwide in patients at high risk of relapse, but there is no prospective validation of these treatments. The investigators will test the efficacy of the combination of cisplatin plus etoposide (plus/minus mitotane according to the investigator preference) in comparison with the actual best routine practice consisting of mitotane or no therapy (according to the personal belief of clinical investigator). This study is parto of the international trial registry ADIUVO-2 coordinated by MD Anderson Center of Huston (Texas).

Timeline

Start

2018-07-20

Primary completion

2024-02-28

Completion

2024-05-30

Publications

• Results Kebebew E, Reiff E, Duh QY, Clark OH, McMillan A. Extent of disease at presentation and outcome for adrenocortical carcinoma: have we made progress? World J Surg. 2006 May;30(5):872-8. doi: 10.1007/s00268-005-0329-x.
• Results Grubbs EG, Callender GG, Xing Y, Perrier ND, Evans DB, Phan AT, Lee JE. Recurrence of adrenal cortical carcinoma following resection: surgery alone can achieve results equal to surgery plus mitotane. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Jan;17(1):263-70. doi: 10.1245/s10434-009-0716-x. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
• Results Beuschlein F, Weigel J, Saeger W, Kroiss M, Wild V, Daffara F, Libe R, Ardito A, Al Ghuzlan A, Quinkler M, Osswald A, Ronchi CL, de Krijger R, Feelders RA, Waldmann J, Willenberg HS, Deutschbein T, Stell A, Reincke M, Papotti M, Baudin E, Tissier F, Haak HR, Loli P, Terzolo M, Allolio B, Muller HH, Fassnacht M. Major prognostic role of Ki67 in localized adrenocortical carcinoma after complete resection. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Mar;100(3):841-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2014-3182. Epub 2015 Jan 5.
• Results Berruti A, Baudin E, Gelderblom H, Haak HR, Porpiglia F, Fassnacht M, Pentheroudakis G; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Adrenal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2012 Oct;23 Suppl 7:vii131-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mds231. No abstract available.
• Results Terzolo M, Angeli A, Fassnacht M, Daffara F, Tauchmanova L, Conton PA, Rossetto R, Buci L, Sperone P, Grossrubatscher E, Reimondo G, Bollito E, Papotti M, Saeger W, Hahner S, Koschker AC, Arvat E, Ambrosi B, Loli P, Lombardi G, Mannelli M, Bruzzi P, Mantero F, Allolio B, Dogliotti L, Berruti A. Adjuvant mitotane treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 7;356(23):2372-80. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa063360.
• Results Terzolo M, Fassnacht M, Ciccone G, Allolio B, Berruti A. Adjuvant mitotane for adrenocortical cancer--working through uncertainty. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;94(6):1879-80. doi: 10.1210/jc.2009-0120. No abstract available.
• Results Hermsen IG, Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, Houterman S, den Hartigh J, Leboulleux S, Daffara F, Berruti A, Chadarevian R, Schlumberger M, Allolio B, Haak HR, Baudin E. Plasma concentrations of o,p'DDD, o,p'DDA, and o,p'DDE as predictors of tumor response to mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma: results of a retrospective ENS@T multicenter study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Jun;96(6):1844-51. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-2676. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
• Results Terzolo M, Baudin AE, Ardito A, Kroiss M, Leboulleux S, Daffara F, Perotti P, Feelders RA, deVries JH, Zaggia B, De Francia S, Volante M, Haak HR, Allolio B, Al Ghuzlan A, Fassnacht M, Berruti A. Mitotane levels predict the outcome of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma treated adjuvantly following radical resection. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013 Jul 29;169(3):263-70. doi: 10.1530/EJE-13-0242. Print 2013 Sep.
• Results Senkus E, Kyriakides S, Penault-Llorca F, Poortmans P, Thompson A, Zackrisson S, Cardoso F; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2013 Oct;24 Suppl 6:vi7-23. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdt284. Epub 2013 Aug 22. No abstract available.
• Results Berruti A, Terzolo M, Pia A, Angeli A, Dogliotti L. Mitotane associated with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. Italian Group for the Study of Adrenal Cancer. Cancer. 1998 Nov 15;83(10):2194-200.
• Results Bonacci R, Gigliotti A, Baudin E, Wion-Barbot N, Emy P, Bonnay M, Cailleux AF, Nakib I, Schlumberger M; Reseau Comete. Cytotoxic therapy with etoposide and cisplatin in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 1998 Aug;78(4):546-9. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.530.
• Results Fassnacht M, Terzolo M, Allolio B, Baudin E, Haak H, Berruti A, Welin S, Schade-Brittinger C, Lacroix A, Jarzab B, Sorbye H, Torpy DJ, Stepan V, Schteingart DE, Arlt W, Kroiss M, Leboulleux S, Sperone P, Sundin A, Hermsen I, Hahner S, Willenberg HS, Tabarin A, Quinkler M, de la Fouchardiere C, Schlumberger M, Mantero F, Weismann D, Beuschlein F, Gelderblom H, Wilmink H, Sender M, Edgerly M, Kenn W, Fojo T, Muller HH, Skogseid B; FIRM-ACT Study Group. Combination chemotherapy in advanced adrenocortical carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jun 7;366(23):2189-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1200966. Epub 2012 May 2.
• Results Tsuchiya R, Suzuki K, Ichinose Y, Watanabe Y, Yasumitsu T, Ishizuka N, Kato H. Phase II trial of postoperative adjuvant cisplatin and etoposide in patients with completely resected stage I-IIIa small cell lung cancer: the Japan Clinical Oncology Lung Cancer Study Group Trial (JCOG9101). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005 May;129(5):977-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.05.030.
• Results Pignon JP, Tribodet H, Scagliotti GV, Douillard JY, Shepherd FA, Stephens RJ, Dunant A, Torri V, Rosell R, Seymour L, Spiro SG, Rolland E, Fossati R, Aubert D, Ding K, Waller D, Le Chevalier T; LACE Collaborative Group. Lung adjuvant cisplatin evaluation: a pooled analysis by the LACE Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 20;26(21):3552-9. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.9030. Epub 2008 May 27.
• Results Oberg K. Chemotherapy and biotherapy in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Oncol. 2001;12 Suppl 2:S111-4. doi: 10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_2.s111.
• Results Brix D, Allolio B, Fenske W, Agha A, Dralle H, Jurowich C, Langer P, Mussack T, Nies C, Riedmiller H, Spahn M, Weismann D, Hahner S, Fassnacht M; German Adrenocortical Carcinoma Registry Group. Laparoscopic versus open adrenalectomy for adrenocortical carcinoma: surgical and oncologic outcome in 152 patients. Eur Urol. 2010 Oct;58(4):609-15. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.06.024. Epub 2010 Jun 22.
• Results Habra MA, Ejaz S, Feng L, Das P, Deniz F, Grubbs EG, Phan A, Waguespack SG, Ayala-Ramirez M, Jimenez C, Perrier ND, Lee JE, Vassilopoulou-Sellin R. A retrospective cohort analysis of the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy after primary surgical resection in patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Jan;98(1):192-7. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2367. Epub 2012 Nov 12.

Drugs

Indications