PANDORA: Delirium Prevention After Cardiac Surgery Using IV Acetaminophen to Prevent Postoperative Delirium in Older Cardiac Surgical Patients

Summary

Our objective is to find an effective prophylactic intervention by evaluating IV acetaminophen's impact in reducing the frequency of postoperative delirium, one of the most common and detrimental complications of cardiac surgery in older adults.

Timeline

Start

2020-08-11

Primary completion

2026-03-30

Completion

2026-04-05

Publications

• Background Rudolph JL, Marcantonio ER. Review articles: postoperative delirium: acute change with long-term implications. Anesth Analg. 2011 May;112(5):1202-11. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e3182147f6d. Epub 2011 Apr 7.
• Background Inouye SK, Westendorp RG, Saczynski JS. Delirium in elderly people. Lancet. 2014 Mar 8;383(9920):911-22. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60688-1. Epub 2013 Aug 28.
• Background Gottesman RF, Grega MA, Bailey MM, Pham LD, Zeger SL, Baumgartner WA, Selnes OA, McKhann GM. Delirium after coronary artery bypass graft surgery and late mortality. Ann Neurol. 2010 Mar;67(3):338-44. doi: 10.1002/ana.21899.
• Background Saczynski JS, Marcantonio ER, Quach L, Fong TG, Gross A, Inouye SK, Jones RN. Cognitive trajectories after postoperative delirium. N Engl J Med. 2012 Jul 5;367(1):30-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1112923.
• Background van den Boogaard M, Kox M, Quinn KL, van Achterberg T, van der Hoeven JG, Schoonhoven L, Pickkers P. Biomarkers associated with delirium in critically ill patients and their relation with long-term subjective cognitive dysfunction; indications for different pathways governing delirium in inflamed and noninflamed patients. Crit Care. 2011;15(6):R297. doi: 10.1186/cc10598. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
• Background Gallagher R. Opioid-induced neurotoxicity. Can Fam Physician. 2007 Mar;53(3):426-7. No abstract available.
• Background O'Neal JB. The utility of intravenous acetaminophen in the perioperative period. Front Public Health. 2013 Aug 6;1:25. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00025.
• Background Subramaniam B, Shankar P, Shaefi S, Mueller A, O'Gara B, Banner-Goodspeed V, Gallagher J, Gasangwa D, Patxot M, Packiasabapathy S, Mathur P, Eikermann M, Talmor D, Marcantonio ER. Effect of Intravenous Acetaminophen vs Placebo Combined With Propofol or Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium Among Older Patients Following Cardiac Surgery: The DEXACET Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Feb 19;321(7):686-696. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.0234.
• Background Inouye SK, Kosar CM, Tommet D, Schmitt EM, Puelle MR, Saczynski JS, Marcantonio ER, Jones RN. The CAM-S: development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Apr 15;160(8):526-533. doi: 10.7326/M13-1927.
• Behera A, Ramachandran RV, Hussain Z, Ihalainen RJ, Orui H, Peck J, Ananthakrishnan A, Mathur P, Muehlschlegel JD, Pittet JF, Bardia A, Schonberger RB, Kveraga K, Subramaniam B. The Association of Preoperative Cognitive Dysfunction to Common Intraoperative Electroencephalographic Parameters and Cerebral Hypoxia During Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg. 2026 May 1;142(5):964-974. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000007724. Epub 2026 Apr 14.
• Ramachandran RV, Behera A, Hussain Z, Peck J, Ananthakrishanan A, Mathur P, Banner-Goodspeed V, Muehlschlegel JD, Pittet JF, Bardia A, Schonberger R, Marcantonio ER, Kveraga K, Subramaniam B. Incidence of Concurrent Cerebral Desaturation and Electroencephalographic Burst Suppression in Cardiac Surgery Patients. Anesth Analg. 2025 May 1;140(5):1086-1092. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000007209.
• Ramachandran RV, Ananthakrishnan A, Orui H, Kveraga K, Subramaniam B. The Influence of Preoperative Physical Activity on Intraoperative Brain Function in Cardiac Surgical patients. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2024 Jun 7:rs.3.rs-4427122. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4427122/v1.
• Khera T, Mathur PA, Banner-Goodspeed VM, Narayanan S, Mcgourty M, Kelly L, Palihnich K, Novack L, Davis R, Talmor D, Marcantonio ER, Subramaniam B. Scheduled Prophylactic 6-Hourly IV AcetaminopheN to Prevent Postoperative Delirium in Older CaRdiac SurgicAl Patients (PANDORA): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021 Mar 10;11(3):e044346. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044346.

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