Repurposing of Chlorpromazine in Covid-19 Treatment

Summary

This study evaluates the effects of the addition of chlorpromazine to the standard therapeutic protocol in COVID-19 patients hospitalized for respiratory symptom management (score 3-5 WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement).

Timeline

Start

2020-04-29

Primary completion

2020-08-30

Completion

2020-09-30

Publications

• Background Blanchard E, Belouzard S, Goueslain L, Wakita T, Dubuisson J, Wychowski C, Rouille Y. Hepatitis C virus entry depends on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(14):6964-72. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00024-06.
• Background Burkard C, Verheije MH, Wicht O, van Kasteren SI, van Kuppeveld FJ, Haagmans BL, Pelkmans L, Rottier PJ, Bosch BJ, de Haan CA. Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner. PLoS Pathog. 2014 Nov 6;10(11):e1004502. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004502. eCollection 2014 Nov.
• Background Calsina-Berna A, Garcia-Gomez G, Gonzalez-Barboteo J, Porta-Sales J. Treatment of chronic hiccups in cancer patients: a systematic review. J Palliat Med. 2012 Oct;15(10):1142-50. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2012.0087. Epub 2012 Aug 14. No abstract available.
• Background Chu VC, McElroy LJ, Bauman BE, Whittaker GR. Fluorescence dequenching assays of coronavirus fusion. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;581:241-6. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-33012-9_40. No abstract available.
• Background Cong Y, Hart BJ, Gross R, Zhou H, Frieman M, Bollinger L, Wada J, Hensley LE, Jahrling PB, Dyall J, Holbrook MR. MERS-CoV pathogenesis and antiviral efficacy of licensed drugs in human monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 22;13(3):e0194868. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194868. eCollection 2018.
• Background Daniel JA, Chau N, Abdel-Hamid MK, Hu L, von Kleist L, Whiting A, Krishnan S, Maamary P, Joseph SR, Simpson F, Haucke V, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ. Phenothiazine-derived antipsychotic drugs inhibit dynamin and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Traffic. 2015 Jun;16(6):635-54. doi: 10.1111/tra.12272. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
• Background de Wilde AH, Jochmans D, Posthuma CC, Zevenhoven-Dobbe JC, van Nieuwkoop S, Bestebroer TM, van den Hoogen BG, Neyts J, Snijder EJ. Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4875-84. doi: 10.1128/AAC.03011-14. Epub 2014 May 19.
• Background Dyall J, Coleman CM, Hart BJ, Venkataraman T, Holbrook MR, Kindrachuk J, Johnson RF, Olinger GG Jr, Jahrling PB, Laidlaw M, Johansen LM, Lear-Rooney CM, Glass PJ, Hensley LE, Frieman MB. Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014 Aug;58(8):4885-93. doi: 10.1128/AAC.03036-14. Epub 2014 May 19.
• Background Marmura MJ, Silberstein SD, Schwedt TJ. The acute treatment of migraine in adults: the american headache society evidence assessment of migraine pharmacotherapies. Headache. 2015 Jan;55(1):3-20. doi: 10.1111/head.12499.
• Background Pohjala L, Utt A, Varjak M, Lulla A, Merits A, Ahola T, Tammela P. Inhibitors of alphavirus entry and replication identified with a stable Chikungunya replicon cell line and virus-based assays. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28923. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028923. Epub 2011 Dec 19.
• Background Pu Y, Zhang X. Mouse hepatitis virus type 2 enters cells through a clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway independent of Eps15. J Virol. 2008 Aug;82(16):8112-23. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00837-08. Epub 2008 Jun 11.
• Background Verity R, Okell LC, Dorigatti I, Winskill P, Whittaker C, Imai N, Cuomo-Dannenburg G, Thompson H, Walker PGT, Fu H, Dighe A, Griffin JT, Baguelin M, Bhatia S, Boonyasiri A, Cori A, Cucunuba Z, FitzJohn R, Gaythorpe K, Green W, Hamlet A, Hinsley W, Laydon D, Nedjati-Gilani G, Riley S, van Elsland S, Volz E, Wang H, Wang Y, Xi X, Donnelly CA, Ghani AC, Ferguson NM. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Jun;20(6):669-677. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
• Background Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-1069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
• Background Wang LH, Rothberg KG, Anderson RG. Mis-assembly of clathrin lattices on endosomes reveals a regulatory switch for coated pit formation. J Cell Biol. 1993 Dec;123(5):1107-17. doi: 10.1083/jcb.123.5.1107.
• Background Weinman D, Nicastro O, Akala O, Friedman BW. Parenteral treatment of episodic tension-type headache: a systematic review. Headache. 2014 Feb;54(2):260-8. doi: 10.1111/head.12287. Epub 2014 Jan 16.
• Background Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Zhao X, Huang B, Shi W, Lu R, Niu P, Zhan F, Ma X, Wang D, Xu W, Wu G, Gao GF, Tan W; China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 20;382(8):727-733. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. Epub 2020 Jan 24.

Drugs

Indications