Coronavirus Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Prevention Using Urine Alkalinization

Summary

Our overarching goal is to improve the outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients with or at risk for development of acute kidney injury (AKI). The objective of this study is to determine the role of a protocol to manage urine alkalization using a simple medication that has been used for a very long time, is safe, and without significant side-effects. We aim to determine the feasibility and safety of a urine alkalinization protocol for the prevention of AKI in patients testing positive for COVID-19.

Timeline

Start

2020-10-05

Primary completion

2021-07-15

Completion

2021-07-15

Publications

• Background Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, Lokhandwala S, Riedo FX, Chong M, Lee M. Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1612-1614. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4326.
• Background Ali T, Khan I, Simpson W, Prescott G, Townend J, Smith W, Macleod A. Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Apr;18(4):1292-8. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2006070756. Epub 2007 Feb 21.
• Background Al-Jaghbeer M, Dealmeida D, Bilderback A, Ambrosino R, Kellum JA. Clinical Decision Support for In-Hospital AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Feb;29(2):654-660. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2017070765. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
• Background Hoste EA, Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R, Cely CM, Colman R, Cruz DN, Edipidis K, Forni LG, Gomersall CD, Govil D, Honore PM, Joannes-Boyau O, Joannidis M, Korhonen AM, Lavrentieva A, Mehta RL, Palevsky P, Roessler E, Ronco C, Uchino S, Vazquez JA, Vidal Andrade E, Webb S, Kellum JA. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study. Intensive Care Med. 2015 Aug;41(8):1411-23. doi: 10.1007/s00134-015-3934-7. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
• Background Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Gu X, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Tu S, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020 Mar 28;395(10229):1054-1062. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
• Background Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-1069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.
• Background Wang HE, Muntner P, Chertow GM, Warnock DG. Acute kidney injury and mortality in hospitalized patients. Am J Nephrol. 2012;35(4):349-55. doi: 10.1159/000337487. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
• Background Ponte B, Felipe C, Muriel A, Tenorio MT, Liano F. Long-term functional evolution after an acute kidney injury: a 10-year study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Dec;23(12):3859-66. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn398. Epub 2008 Jul 15.
• Background Collister D, Pannu N, Ye F, James M, Hemmelgarn B, Chui B, Manns B, Klarenbach S; Alberta Kidney Disease Network. Health Care Costs Associated with AKI. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Nov 7;12(11):1733-1743. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00950117. Epub 2017 Oct 19.
• Background Sakhuja A, Kumar G, Gupta S, Mittal T, Taneja A, Nanchal RS. Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis in Severe Sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Oct 15;192(8):951-7. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0329OC.
• Background Kellum JA, Prowle JR. Paradigms of acute kidney injury in the intensive care setting. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018 Apr;14(4):217-230. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.184. Epub 2018 Jan 22.
• Background Tai W, He L, Zhang X, Pu J, Voronin D, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Du L. Characterization of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of 2019 novel coronavirus: implication for development of RBD protein as a viral attachment inhibitor and vaccine. Cell Mol Immunol. 2020 Jun;17(6):613-620. doi: 10.1038/s41423-020-0400-4. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
• Background Ren X, Glende J, Al-Falah M, de Vries V, Schwegmann-Wessels C, Qu X, Tan L, Tschernig T, Deng H, Naim HY, Herrler G. Analysis of ACE2 in polarized epithelial cells: surface expression and function as receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. J Gen Virol. 2006 Jun;87(Pt 6):1691-1695. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.81749-0.
• Background Su H, Yang M, Wan C, Yi LX, Tang F, Zhu HY, Yi F, Yang HC, Fogo AB, Nie X, Zhang C. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China. Kidney Int. 2020 Jul;98(1):219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
• Background Imai Y, Kuba K, Rao S, Huan Y, Guo F, Guan B, Yang P, Sarao R, Wada T, Leong-Poi H, Crackower MA, Fukamizu A, Hui CC, Hein L, Uhlig S, Slutsky AS, Jiang C, Penninger JM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature. 2005 Jul 7;436(7047):112-6. doi: 10.1038/nature03712.
• Background Srivastava J, Barber DL, Jacobson MP. Intracellular pH sensors: design principles and functional significance. Physiology (Bethesda). 2007 Feb;22:30-9. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00035.2006.
• Background RAMACHANDRAN GN, RAMAKRISHNAN C, SASISEKHARAN V. Stereochemistry of polypeptide chain configurations. J Mol Biol. 1963 Jul;7:95-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(63)80023-6. No abstract available.
• Background Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus. J Virol. 2020 Mar 17;94(7):e00127-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00127-20. Print 2020 Mar 17.
• Background Choudhury D, Tanner MG, McAughtrie S, Yu F, Mills B, Choudhary TR, Seth S, Craven TH, Stone JM, Mati IK, Campbell CJ, Bradley M, Williams CK, Dhaliwal K, Birks TA, Thomson RR. Endoscopic sensing of alveolar pH. Biomed Opt Express. 2016 Dec 13;8(1):243-259. doi: 10.1364/BOE.8.000243. eCollection 2017 Jan 1.
• Background Proudfoot AT, Krenzelok EP, Vale JA. Position Paper on urine alkalinization. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2004;42(1):1-26. doi: 10.1081/clt-120028740.
• Background Kashani K, Al-Khafaji A, Ardiles T, Artigas A, Bagshaw SM, Bell M, Bihorac A, Birkhahn R, Cely CM, Chawla LS, Davison DL, Feldkamp T, Forni LG, Gong MN, Gunnerson KJ, Haase M, Hackett J, Honore PM, Hoste EA, Joannes-Boyau O, Joannidis M, Kim P, Koyner JL, Laskowitz DT, Lissauer ME, Marx G, McCullough PA, Mullaney S, Ostermann M, Rimmele T, Shapiro NI, Shaw AD, Shi J, Sprague AM, Vincent JL, Vinsonneau C, Wagner L, Walker MG, Wilkerson RG, Zacharowski K, Kellum JA. Discovery and validation of cell cycle arrest biomarkers in human acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2013 Feb 6;17(1):R25. doi: 10.1186/cc12503.
• Background Emlet DR, Pastor-Soler N, Marciszyn A, Wen X, Gomez H, Humphries WH 4th, Morrisroe S, Volpe JK, Kellum JA. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2: differential expression and secretion in human kidney tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2017 Feb 1;312(2):F284-F296. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2016. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
• Background Singbartl K, Formeck CL, Kellum JA. Kidney-Immune System Crosstalk in AKI. Semin Nephrol. 2019 Jan;39(1):96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.10.007.

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