Nebulized Lidocaine and Intranasal Midazolam for NGT Insertion in Children

Summary

Nasogastric tube (NGT) is a commonly performed procedure in the Emergency Department. Although it is not a major procedure, it is usually associated with a bad experience and cause discomfort and pain in kids. This randomized controlled double-blinded double-dummy trial aims to investigate the efficacy of local topical anesthetic and/or anxiolysis for pain/anxiety related to NGT insertion. Eligible patients are children with gastroenteritis aged 6 months to 5 years requiring NGT rehydration. The intervention are 3 arms of nebulized lidocaine with midazolam compared to nebulized midazolam alone or placebo. The primary outcome is procedure-related pain assessment using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale during final NGT insertion attempt.

Timeline

Start

2021-08-25

Primary completion

2023-12-30

Completion

2024-02-28

Publications

• Results Shih S, Rosen P. Pain Management for Nasogastric Intubation in Pediatrics. Cureus. 2018 Oct 9;10(10):e3429. doi: 10.7759/cureus.3429.
• Results Tapaiwala SN, Al Riyami D, Cole E. A painful and knotted nasogastric tube. CMAJ. 2008 Feb 26;178(5):568. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.070750. No abstract available.
• Results Ruda MA, Ling QD, Hohmann AG, Peng YB, Tachibana T. Altered nociceptive neuronal circuits after neonatal peripheral inflammation. Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):628-31. doi: 10.1126/science.289.5479.628.
• Results Blount RL, Piira T, Cohen LL, Cheng PS. Pediatric procedural pain. Behav Modif. 2006 Jan;30(1):24-49. doi: 10.1177/0145445505282438.
• Results Brewer S, Gleditsch SL, Syblik D, Tietjens ME, Vacik HW. Pediatric anxiety: child life intervention in day surgery. J Pediatr Nurs. 2006 Feb;21(1):13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2005.06.004.
• Results Gjonaj ST, Lowenthal DB, Dozor AJ. Nebulized lidocaine administered to infants and children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Chest. 1997 Dec;112(6):1665-9. doi: 10.1378/chest.112.6.1665.
• Results Babl FE, Goldfinch C, Mandrawa C, Crellin D, O'Sullivan R, Donath S. Does nebulized lidocaine reduce the pain and distress of nasogastric tube insertion in young children? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2009 Jun;123(6):1548-55. doi: 10.1542/peds.2008-1897.
• Results Craig SS, Seith RW, Cheek JA, Wilson K, Egerton-Warburton D, Paul E, West A. Lidocaine and phenylephrine versus saline placebo nasal spray for the pain and distress of nasogastric tube insertion in young children and infants: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Jun;3(6):391-397. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30058-6. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
• Results Cullen L, Taylor D, Taylor S, Chu K. Nebulized lidocaine decreases the discomfort of nasogastric tube insertion: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Aug;44(2):131-7. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.03.033.
• Results Pacifici GM. Clinical pharmacology of midazolam in neonates and children: effect of disease-a review. Int J Pediatr. 2014;2014:309342. doi: 10.1155/2014/309342. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
• Results Wilton NC, Leigh J, Rosen DR, Pandit UA. Preanesthetic sedation of preschool children using intranasal midazolam. Anesthesiology. 1988 Dec;69(6):972-5. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198812000-00032. No abstract available.
• Results Theroux MC, West DW, Corddry DH, Hyde PM, Bachrach SJ, Cronan KM, Kettrick RG. Efficacy of intranasal midazolam in facilitating suturing of lacerations in preschool children in the emergency department. Pediatrics. 1993 Mar;91(3):624-7.
• Results McCormick AS, Thomas VL, Berry D, Thomas PW. Plasma concentrations and sedation scores after nebulized and intranasal midazolam in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth. 2008 May;100(5):631-6. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen072. Epub 2008 Apr 2.
• Results Knoester PD, Jonker DM, Van Der Hoeven RT, Vermeij TA, Edelbroek PM, Brekelmans GJ, de Haan GJ. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered as a concentrated intranasal spray. A study in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 May;53(5):501-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01588.x.

Drugs

Indications