Ketamine Infusion vs Dexmedetomidine Infusion in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

Summary

The surgeries that involve treatment of morbid obesity, i.e. bypass procedure and sleeve gastrectomy, are collectively covered under the term 'bariatric surgery'. The frequency of bariatric surgery has been increasing worldwide for patients with medically complicated obesity who have difficulty losing weight by other methods The growth of bariatric surgery is accompanied with development of anesthetic techniques to maintain patient safety and improve outcome. Treatment with narcotics in obese patients has dual effect. Increased use of narcotics are associated with multiple complications including Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) , respiratory depression and elevated risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) complications . On the other hand, the reduction in opioid use may result in acute post-operative pain that may limit post-surgery rehabilitation. Therefore, we need to minimize opioid use and employ some other drugs which, besides having analgesia, has an opioid-sparing effect also. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has analgesic properties in sub-anesthetic doses. When used in low dose (0.3 to 0.5 mg/kg) by ideal body weight, it is an analgesic, anti-hyperalgesic, and prevents development of opioid tolerance. Dexmedetomidine is selective α2-Adrenoceptor agonist that has been used as an adjuvant to anesthetic agents in perioperative period for several adventitious profile as well as tolerated side effects . While dexmedetomidine is emerging as a beneficial adjunct to the analgesic regimen in the perioperative period, its utilization is not routinely widespread .

Timeline

Start

2021-04-20

Primary completion

2021-12-30

Completion

2022-07-01

Publications

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• Background Vaughns JD, Martin C, Nelson J, Nadler E, Quezado ZM. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for perioperative pain management in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery: An observational cohort study. J Pediatr Surg. 2017 Nov;52(11):1787-1790. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.04.007. Epub 2017 Apr 19.
• Background Wang J, Echevarria GC, Doan L, Ekasumara N, Calvino S, Chae F, Martinez E, Robinson E, Cuff G, Franco L, Muntyan I, Kurian M, Schwack BF, Bedrosian AS, Fielding GA, Ren-Fielding CJ. Effects of a single subanaesthetic dose of ketamine on pain and mood after laparoscopic bariatric surgery: A randomised double-blind placebo controlled study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019 Jan;36(1):16-24. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000860.
• Background Wengritzky R, Mettho T, Myles PS, Burke J, Kakos A. Development and validation of a postoperative nausea and vomiting intensity scale. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Feb;104(2):158-66. doi: 10.1093/bja/aep370. Epub 2009 Dec 26.
• Khalil BNM, Elderh MSH, Khaja MAR, El-Shaer AN, Ali BEEH, Taeimah MOA. Perioperative use of ketamine infusion versus dexmedetomidine infusion for analgesia in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery: a double-blinded three-armed randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2023 Apr 1;23(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s12871-023-02059-3.

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