Cardioprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Patients With ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Summary

This is a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. It is planned to enroll patients admitted with anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) within 6h of symptom onset and undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Patients who meet the inclusion criteria and without exclusion criteria were randomized 1:1 into the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group or the placebo (saline) group after signing the informed consent. In the DEX group, intravenous injection of DEX was started immediately after enrollment, covering the entire PCI operation, and the administration was stopped at the end of the pPCI. The administration of saline was the same as those in the DEX group. The primary endpoint was the myocardial infarct size (MIS) as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 5±2 days post-STEMI. Based on a superiority design and assuming an 20.0% relative infarct size reduction (from 26.0% to 20.8% with a SD of 13.0%), 250 patients are required to be enrolled, accounting for 20% drop-out (α= 0.05 and power= 80%).

Timeline

Start

2021-05-27

Primary completion

2024-12

Completion

2025-12

Publications

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• Background Stone GW, Selker HP, Thiele H, Patel MR, Udelson JE, Ohman EM, Maehara A, Eitel I, Granger CB, Jenkins PL, Nichols M, Ben-Yehuda O. Relationship Between Infarct Size and Outcomes Following Primary PCI: Patient-Level Analysis From 10 Randomized Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Apr 12;67(14):1674-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.01.069.
• Background Frohlich GM, Meier P, White SK, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. Myocardial reperfusion injury: looking beyond primary PCI. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jun;34(23):1714-22. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht090. Epub 2013 Mar 27.
• Background Heusch G. Myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection in perspective. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020 Dec;17(12):773-789. doi: 10.1038/s41569-020-0403-y. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
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• Background Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V, Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Mateos A, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Garcia-Alvarez A, Iniguez A, Jimenez-Borreguero J, Lopez-Romero P, Fernandez-Jimenez R, Goicolea J, Ruiz-Mateos B, Bastante T, Arias M, Iglesias-Vazquez JA, Rodriguez MD, Escalera N, Acebal C, Cabrera JA, Valenciano J, Perez de Prado A, Fernandez-Campos MJ, Casado I, Garcia-Rubira JC, Garcia-Prieto J, Sanz-Rosa D, Cuellas C, Hernandez-Antolin R, Albarran A, Fernandez-Vazquez F, de la Torre-Hernandez JM, Pocock S, Sanz G, Fuster V. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection During an Acute Myocardial Infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation. 2013 Oct 1;128(14):1495-503. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003653. Epub 2013 Sep 3.
• Background Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger JP, Pizarro G, van Royen N, Mateos A, Dambrink JE, Escalera N, Lipsic E, Albarran A, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Fernandez-Aviles F, Goicolea J, Botas J, Remkes W, Hernandez-Jaras V, Kedhi E, Zamorano JL, Navarro F, Alfonso F, Garcia-Lledo A, Alonso J, van Leeuwen M, Nijveldt R, Postma S, Kolkman E, Gosselink M, de Smet B, Rasoul S, Piek JJ, Fuster V, van 't Hof AWJ; EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early Intravenous Beta-Blockers in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Before Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jun 14;67(23):2705-2715. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.522. Epub 2016 Apr 3.
• Background White SK, Frohlich GM, Sado DM, Maestrini V, Fontana M, Treibel TA, Tehrani S, Flett AS, Meier P, Ariti C, Davies JR, Moon JC, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ. Remote ischemic conditioning reduces myocardial infarct size and edema in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015 Jan;8(1 Pt B):178-188. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2014.05.015. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
• Background Eitel I, Stiermaier T, Rommel KP, Fuernau G, Sandri M, Mangner N, Linke A, Erbs S, Lurz P, Boudriot E, Mende M, Desch S, Schuler G, Thiele H. Cardioprotection by combined intrahospital remote ischaemic perconditioning and postconditioning in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the randomized LIPSIA CONDITIONING trial. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 21;36(44):3049-57. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv463. Epub 2015 Sep 17.
• Background Hausenloy DJ, Kharbanda RK, Moller UK, Ramlall M, Aaroe J, Butler R, Bulluck H, Clayton T, Dana A, Dodd M, Engstrom T, Evans R, Lassen JF, Christensen EF, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Gorog DA, Hjort J, Houghton RF, Ibanez B, Knight R, Lippert FK, Lonborg JT, Maeng M, Milasinovic D, More R, Nicholas JM, Jensen LO, Perkins A, Radovanovic N, Rakhit RD, Ravkilde J, Ryding AD, Schmidt MR, Riddervold IS, Sorensen HT, Stankovic G, Varma M, Webb I, Terkelsen CJ, Greenwood JP, Yellon DM, Botker HE; CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI Investigators. Effect of remote ischaemic conditioning on clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (CONDI-2/ERIC-PPCI): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Oct 19;394(10207):1415-1424. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32039-2. Epub 2019 Sep 6.
• Background Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, Caforio ALP, Crea F, Goudevenos JA, Halvorsen S, Hindricks G, Kastrati A, Lenzen MJ, Prescott E, Roffi M, Valgimigli M, Varenhorst C, Vranckx P, Widimsky P; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: The Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018 Jan 7;39(2):119-177. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393. No abstract available.
• Background Hobl EL, Stimpfl T, Ebner J, Schoergenhofer C, Derhaschnig U, Sunder-Plassmann R, Jilma-Stohlawetz P, Mannhalter C, Posch M, Jilma B. Morphine decreases clopidogrel concentrations and effects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Feb 25;63(7):630-635. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.10.068. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
• Background Thomas MR, Morton AC, Hossain R, Chen B, Luo L, Shahari NN, Hua P, Beniston RG, Judge HM, Storey RF. Morphine delays the onset of action of prasugrel in patients with prior history of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost. 2016 Jul 4;116(1):96-102. doi: 10.1160/TH16-02-0102. Epub 2016 Apr 21.
• Background Kubica J, Adamski P, Ostrowska M, Sikora J, Kubica JM, Sroka WD, Stankowska K, Buszko K, Navarese EP, Jilma B, Siller-Matula JM, Marszall MP, Rosc D, Kozinski M. Morphine delays and attenuates ticagrelor exposure and action in patients with myocardial infarction: the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled IMPRESSION trial. Eur Heart J. 2016 Jan 14;37(3):245-52. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv547. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
• Background Bellandi B, Zocchi C, Xanthopoulou I, Scudiero F, Valenti R, Migliorini A, Antoniucci D, Marchionni N, Alexopoulos D, Parodi G. Morphine use and myocardial reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI. Int J Cardiol. 2016 Oct 15;221:567-71. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.204. Epub 2016 Jun 29. No abstract available.
• Background Furtado RHM, Nicolau JC, Guo J, Im K, White JA, Sabatine MS, Newby LK, Giugliano RP. Morphine and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Undergoing Coronary Angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jan 28;75(3):289-300. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.11.035.
• Background Keating GM. Dexmedetomidine: A Review of Its Use for Sedation in the Intensive Care Setting. Drugs. 2015 Jul;75(10):1119-30. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0419-5.
• Background Riker RR, Shehabi Y, Bokesch PM, Ceraso D, Wisemandle W, Koura F, Whitten P, Margolis BD, Byrne DW, Ely EW, Rocha MG; SEDCOM (Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Compared With Midazolam) Study Group. Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009 Feb 4;301(5):489-99. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.56. Epub 2009 Feb 2.
• Background Jakob SM, Ruokonen E, Grounds RM, Sarapohja T, Garratt C, Pocock SJ, Bratty JR, Takala J; Dexmedetomidine for Long-Term Sedation Investigators. Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam or propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2012 Mar 21;307(11):1151-60. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.304.
• Background Su X, Meng ZT, Wu XH, Cui F, Li HL, Wang DX, Zhu X, Zhu SN, Maze M, Ma D. Dexmedetomidine for prevention of delirium in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 15;388(10054):1893-1902. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30580-3. Epub 2016 Aug 16.
• Background Cheng X, Hu J, Wang Y, Ye H, Li X, Gao Q, Li Z. Effects of Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Rats: Role of the PI3K/Akt-Dependent Signaling Pathway. J Diabetes Res. 2018 Oct 8;2018:3071959. doi: 10.1155/2018/3071959. eCollection 2018.
• Background Zhang X, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhuang Y, Ren X, Yang K, Ma W, Zhong M. Dexmedetomidine postconditioning suppresses myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis. Biosci Rep. 2020 May 29;40(5):BSR20194030. doi: 10.1042/BSR20194030.
• Background Weng X, Zhang X, Lu X, Wu J, Li S. Reduced mitochondrial response sensitivity is involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of dexmedetomidine pretreatment in cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med. 2018 Apr;41(4):2328-2338. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3384. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
• Background Riquelme JA, Westermeier F, Hall AR, Vicencio JM, Pedrozo Z, Ibacache M, Fuenzalida B, Sobrevia L, Davidson SM, Yellon DM, Sanchez G, Lavandero S. Dexmedetomidine protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by an endothelial eNOS/NO dependent mechanism. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Jan;103:318-27. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.004. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
• Background Gao JM, Meng XW, Zhang J, Chen WR, Xia F, Peng K, Ji FH. Dexmedetomidine Protects Cardiomyocytes against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Suppressing TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:1674613. doi: 10.1155/2017/1674613. Epub 2017 Nov 22.
• Background Yoshikawa Y, Hirata N, Kawaguchi R, Tokinaga Y, Yamakage M. Dexmedetomidine Maintains Its Direct Cardioprotective Effect Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Hypertensive Hypertrophied Myocardium. Anesth Analg. 2018 Feb;126(2):443-452. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002452.
• Background Chang JH, Jin MM, Liu JT. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment protects the heart against apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by activating PI3K/Akt signaling in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Jul;127:110188. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110188. Epub 2020 May 11.
• Background He L, Hao S, Wang Y, Yang W, Liu L, Chen H, Qian J. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuates ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts with endothelial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Jun;114:108837. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108837. Epub 2019 Apr 6.
• Background Behmenburg F, Pickert E, Mathes A, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R, Berger MM. The Cardioprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Rats Is Dose-Dependent and Mediated by BKCa Channels. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2017 Apr;69(4):228-235. doi: 10.1097/FJC.0000000000000466.
• Background Bunte S, Behmenburg F, Majewski N, Stroethoff M, Raupach A, Mathes A, Heinen A, Hollmann MW, Huhn R. Characteristics of Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning in the Field of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Anesth Analg. 2020 Jan;130(1):90-98. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004417.
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• Background Willigers HM, Prinzen FW, Roekaerts PM, de Lange S, Durieux ME. Dexmedetomidine decreases perioperative myocardial lactate release in dogs. Anesth Analg. 2003 Mar;96(3):657-664. doi: 10.1213/01.ANE.0000048708.75957.FF.
• Background Yoshitomi O, Cho S, Hara T, Shibata I, Maekawa T, Ureshino H, Sumikawa K. Direct protective effects of dexmedetomidine against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in anesthetized pigs. Shock. 2012 Jul;38(1):92-7. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e318254d3fb.
• Background Chi X, Liao M, Chen X, Zhao Y, Yang L, Luo A, Yang H. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Myocardial Injury in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2016 Jan;30(1):44-50. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.06.026. Epub 2015 Jun 26.
• Background Li X, Yang J, Nie XL, Zhang Y, Li XY, Li LH, Wang DX, Ma D. Impact of dexmedetomidine on the incidence of delirium in elderly patients after cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 9;12(2):e0170757. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170757. eCollection 2017.
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Indications