Efficacy and Safety of Metformin Glycinate Compared to Metformin Hydrochloride on the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes

Summary

Phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment. Two-arm, prospective, longitudinal, double-blind, multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Timeline

Start

2021-08

Primary completion

2021-08

Completion

2021-08

Outcome

Outcome not reported

Stopped: “Administrative decision of the investigation direction”

Publications

• Background Alexander GC, Sehgal NL, Moloney RM, Stafford RS. National trends in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, 1994-2007. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Oct 27;168(19):2088-94. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.19.2088.
• Background U.K. prospective diabetes study. II. Reduction in HbA1c with basal insulin supplement, sulfonylurea, or biguanide therapy in maturity-onset diabetes. A multicenter study. Diabetes. 1985 Aug;34(8):793-8.
• Background Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, Herman WH, Holman RR, Jones NP, Kravitz BG, Lachin JM, O'Neill MC, Zinman B, Viberti G; ADOPT Study Group. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 7;355(23):2427-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa066224. Epub 2006 Dec 4.
• Background Hermann LS, Schersten B, Melander A. Antihyperglycaemic efficacy, response prediction and dose-response relations of treatment with metformin and sulphonylurea, alone and in primary combination. Diabet Med. 1994 Dec;11(10):953-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00253.x.
• Background Phung OJ, Scholle JM, Talwar M, Coleman CI. Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2010 Apr 14;303(14):1410-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.405.
• Background Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):854-65.
• Background Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Oct 9;359(15):1577-89. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806470. Epub 2008 Sep 10.
• Background Tzoulaki I, Molokhia M, Curcin V, Little MP, Millett CJ, Ng A, Hughes RI, Khunti K, Wilkins MR, Majeed A, Elliott P. Risk of cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes prescribed oral antidiabetes drugs: retrospective cohort study using UK general practice research database. BMJ. 2009 Dec 3;339:b4731. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b4731.
• Background Selvin E, Bolen S, Yeh HC, Wiley C, Wilson LM, Marinopoulos SS, Feldman L, Vassy J, Wilson R, Bass EB, Brancati FL. Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of oral diabetes medications: a systematic review. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Oct 27;168(19):2070-80. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.19.2070.
• Background Johnson JA, Simpson SH, Toth EL, Majumdar SR. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with metformin use in subjects with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005 Apr;22(4):497-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01448.x.
• Background Kooy A, de Jager J, Lehert P, Bets D, Wulffele MG, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. Long-term effects of metformin on metabolism and microvascular and macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2009 Mar 23;169(6):616-25. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.20.
• Background Tucker GT, Casey C, Phillips PJ, Connor H, Ward JD, Woods HF. Metformin kinetics in healthy subjects and in patients with diabetes mellitus. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1981 Aug;12(2):235-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01206.x.
• Background Wang DS, Jonker JW, Kato Y, Kusuhara H, Schinkel AH, Sugiyama Y. Involvement of organic cation transporter 1 in hepatic and intestinal distribution of metformin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Aug;302(2):510-5. doi: 10.1124/jpet.102.034140.
• Background Wilcock C, Bailey CJ. Accumulation of metformin by tissues of the normal and diabetic mouse. Xenobiotica. 1994 Jan;24(1):49-57. doi: 10.3109/00498259409043220.
• Background Scheen AJ. Clinical pharmacokinetics of metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1996 May;30(5):359-71. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199630050-00003.
• Background Dunn CJ, Peters DH. Metformin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 1995 May;49(5):721-49. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199549050-00007.
• Background Vidon N, Chaussade S, Noel M, Franchisseur C, Huchet B, Bernier JJ. Metformin in the digestive tract. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1988 Feb 19;4(3):223-9. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8227(88)80022-6.
• Background Marathe PH, Wen Y, Norton J, Greene DS, Barbhaiya RH, Wilding IR. Effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on metformin absorption. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Oct;50(4):325-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00264.x.
• Background Pacanowski MA, Hopley CW, Aquilante CL. Interindividual variability in oral antidiabetic drug disposition and response: the role of drug transporter polymorphisms. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008 May;4(5):529-44. doi: 10.1517/17425255.4.5.529.
• Background Wiernsperger NF, Bailey CJ. The antihyperglycaemic effect of metformin: therapeutic and cellular mechanisms. Drugs. 1999;58 Suppl 1:31-9; discussion 75-82. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199958001-00009.
• Background Hoffmann J, Spengler M. Efficacy of 24-week monotherapy with acarbose, metformin, or placebo in dietary-treated NIDDM patients: the Essen-II Study. Am J Med. 1997 Dec;103(6):483-90. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00252-0.
• Background Schimmack G, Defronzo RA, Musi N. AMP-activated protein kinase: Role in metabolism and therapeutic implications. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2006 Nov;8(6):591-602. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00561.x.
• Background Standeven KF, Ariens RA, Whitaker P, Ashcroft AE, Weisel JW, Grant PJ. The effect of dimethylbiguanide on thrombin activity, FXIII activation, fibrin polymerization, and fibrin clot formation. Diabetes. 2002 Jan;51(1):189-97. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.51.1.189.
• Background Gregorio F, Ambrosi F, Manfrini S, Velussi M, Carle F, Testa R, Merante D, Filipponi P. Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin. Diabet Med. 1999 Dec;16(12):1016-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00201.x.
• Background Pavlovic D, Kocic R, Kocic G, Jevtovic T, Radenkovic S, Mikic D, Stojanovic M, Djordjevic PB. Effect of four-week metformin treatment on plasma and erythrocyte antioxidative defense enzymes in newly diagnosed obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2000 Aug;2(4):251-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1463-1326.2000.00089.x.
• Background Beisswenger P, Ruggiero-Lopez D. Metformin inhibition of glycation processes. Diabetes Metab. 2003 Sep;29(4 Pt 2):6S95-103. doi: 10.1016/s1262-3636(03)72793-1.
• Background Yamanouchi T, Sakai T, Igarashi K, Ichiyanagi K, Watanabe H, Kawasaki T. Comparison of metabolic effects of pioglitazone, metformin, and glimepiride over 1 year in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2005 Aug;22(8):980-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01656.x.
• Background Brown JB, Conner C, Nichols GA. Secondary failure of metformin monotherapy in clinical practice. Diabetes Care. 2010 Mar;33(3):501-6. doi: 10.2337/dc09-1749. Epub 2009 Dec 29.

Drugs

Indications