Role of Nitazoxanide and Escitalopram in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Summary

This study aims at evaluating the therapeutic effects of both Nitazoxanide and Escitalopram as adjuvant therapies in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and to evaluate their impact on STAT3/ JAK2, TLR /IL -1β signaling pathways.

Timeline

Start

2022-12-02

Primary completion

2023-03-25

Completion

2023-04-01

Publications

• Background Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, Burmester GR, Emery P, Firestein GS, Kavanaugh A, McInnes IB, Solomon DH, Strand V, Yamamoto K. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Feb 8;4:18001. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.1.
• Background Li Y, de Haar C, Peppelenbosch MP, van der Woude CJ. New insights into the role of STAT3 in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012 Jun;18(6):1177-83. doi: 10.1002/ibd.21884. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
• Background Wu X, Shou Q, Chen C, Cai H, Zhang J, Tang S, Cai B, Tang D, Cao G. An herbal formula attenuates collagen-induced arthritis via inhibition of JAK2-STAT3 signaling and regulation of Th17 cells in mice. Oncotarget. 2017 Jul 4;8(27):44242-44254. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.17797.
• Background Aboudounya MM, Heads RJ. COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation. Mediators Inflamm. 2021 Jan 14;2021:8874339. doi: 10.1155/2021/8874339. eCollection 2021.
• Background Li CH, Lu ZR, Zhao ZD, Wang XY, Leng HJ, Niu Y, Wang MP. Nitazoxanide, an Antiprotozoal Drug, Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Inhibition of RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 9;12:781640. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.781640. eCollection 2021.
• Background Lu Z, Li X, Li K, Wang C, Du T, Huang W, Ji M, Li C, Xu F, Xu P, Niu Y. Structure-Activity Study of Nitazoxanide Derivatives as Novel STAT3 Pathway Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021 Apr 1;12(5):696-703. doi: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00544. eCollection 2021 May 13.
• Background Gong F, Shen T, Zhang J, Wang X, Fan G, Che X, Xu Z, Jia K, Huang Y, Li X, Lu H. Nitazoxanide induced myocardial injury in zebrafish embryos by activating oxidative stress response. J Cell Mol Med. 2021 Oct;25(20):9740-9752. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16922. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
• Background Sacre S, Medghalchi M, Gregory B, Brennan F, Williams R. Fluoxetine and citalopram exhibit potent antiinflammatory activity in human and murine models of rheumatoid arthritis and inhibit toll-like receptors. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Mar;62(3):683-93. doi: 10.1002/art.27304.
• Background Gupta S, Upadhayay D, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Gupta YK. Citalopram attenuated neurobehavioral, biochemical, and metabolic alterations in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke in male Wistar rats. J Neurosci Res. 2018 Jul;96(7):1277-1293. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24226. Epub 2018 Apr 15.
• Background Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO 3rd, Birnbaum NS, Burmester GR, Bykerk VP, Cohen MD, Combe B, Costenbader KH, Dougados M, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Hazes JM, Hobbs K, Huizinga TW, Kavanaugh A, Kay J, Kvien TK, Laing T, Mease P, Menard HA, Moreland LW, Naden RL, Pincus T, Smolen JS, Stanislawska-Biernat E, Symmons D, Tak PP, Upchurch KS, Vencovsky J, Wolfe F, Hawker G. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep;62(9):2569-81. doi: 10.1002/art.27584.
• Background Nishimoto N, Takagi N. Assessment of the validity of the 28-joint disease activity score using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) as a disease activity index of rheumatoid arthritis in the efficacy evaluation of 24-week treatment with tocilizumab: subanalysis of the SATORI study. Mod Rheumatol. 2010 Dec;20(6):539-47. doi: 10.1007/s10165-010-0328-0. Epub 2010 Jul 10.

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Indications