Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Consolidation Chemotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Summary

The purpose of this protocol is to compare neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus consolidation chemotherapy before surgical resection with the standard neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.

Timeline

Start

2022-08-30

Primary completion

2026-08-30

Completion

2026-08-30

Publications

• Background Liu S, Jiang T, Xiao L, Yang S, Liu Q, Gao Y, Chen G, Xiao W. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) versus Standard Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Oncologist. 2021 Sep;26(9):e1555-e1566. doi: 10.1002/onco.13824. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
• Background Kasi A, Abbasi S, Handa S, Al-Rajabi R, Saeed A, Baranda J, Sun W. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy vs Standard Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1;3(12):e2030097. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30097.
• Background Sutera P, Solomina J, Wegner RE, Abel S, Monga D, Finley G, McCormick J, Kirichenko AV. Post-Operative Morbidity and Mortality Following Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Conventional Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2021 Sep;52(3):976-982. doi: 10.1007/s12029-020-00401-3.
• Background Chang H, Jiang W, Ye WJ, Tao YL, Wang QX, Xiao WW, Gao YH. Is long interval from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy to surgery optimal for rectal cancer in the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy?: a prospective observational study. Onco Targets Ther. 2018 Sep 21;11:6129-6138. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S169985. eCollection 2018.
• Background Bahadoer RR, Dijkstra EA, van Etten B, Marijnen CAM, Putter H, Kranenbarg EM, Roodvoets AGH, Nagtegaal ID, Beets-Tan RGH, Blomqvist LK, Fokstuen T, Ten Tije AJ, Capdevila J, Hendriks MP, Edhemovic I, Cervantes A, Nilsson PJ, Glimelius B, van de Velde CJH, Hospers GAP; RAPIDO collaborative investigators. Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 Jan;22(1):29-42. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30555-6. Epub 2020 Dec 7.
• Background Giunta EF, Bregni G, Pretta A, Deleporte A, Liberale G, Bali AM, Moretti L, Troiani T, Ciardiello F, Hendlisz A, Sclafani F. Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: Making sense of the results from the RAPIDO and PRODIGE 23 trials. Cancer Treat Rev. 2021 May;96:102177. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102177. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
• Background Shi DD, Mamon HJ. Playing With Dynamite? A Cautious Assessment of TNT. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Jan 10;39(2):103-106. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.02199. Epub 2020 Oct 14. No abstract available.
• Background Ludmir EB, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: An emerging option. Cancer. 2017 May 1;123(9):1497-1506. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30600. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
• Background Petrelli F, Trevisan F, Cabiddu M, Sgroi G, Bruschieri L, Rausa E, Ghidini M, Turati L. Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Treatment Outcomes. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar;271(3):440-448. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003471.
• Background Conroy T, Bosset JF, Etienne PL, Rio E, Francois E, Mesgouez-Nebout N, Vendrely V, Artignan X, Bouche O, Gargot D, Boige V, Bonichon-Lamichhane N, Louvet C, Morand C, de la Fouchardiere C, Lamfichekh N, Juzyna B, Jouffroy-Zeller C, Rullier E, Marchal F, Gourgou S, Castan F, Borg C; Unicancer Gastrointestinal Group and Partenariat de Recherche en Oncologie Digestive (PRODIGE) Group. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFIRINOX and preoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (UNICANCER-PRODIGE 23): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021 May;22(5):702-715. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00079-6. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
• Background Jimenez-Rodriguez RM, Quezada-Diaz F, Hameed I, Kalabin A, Patil S, Smith JJ, Garcia-Aguilar J. Organ Preservation in Patients with Rectal Cancer Treated with Total Neoadjuvant Therapy. Dis Colon Rectum. 2021 Dec 1;64(12):1463-1470. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002122.
• Background Bauer PS, Chapman WC Jr, Atallah C, Makhdoom BA, Damle A, Smith RK, Wise PE, Glasgow SC, Silviera ML, Hunt SR, Mutch MG. Perioperative Complications After Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer: Does Neoadjuvant Regimen Matter? Ann Surg. 2022 Feb 1;275(2):e428-e432. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003885.
• Background Sclafani F, Corro C, Koessler T. Debating Pros and Cons of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 18;13(24):6361. doi: 10.3390/cancers13246361.
• Background Fernandez-Martos C, Garcia-Albeniz X, Pericay C, Maurel J, Aparicio J, Montagut C, Safont MJ, Salud A, Vera R, Massuti B, Escudero P, Alonso V, Bosch C, Martin M, Minsky BD. Chemoradiation, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy versus induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation and surgery: long-term results of the Spanish GCR-3 phase II randomized trialdagger. Ann Oncol. 2015 Aug;26(8):1722-8. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdv223. Epub 2015 May 8.
• Background Marco MR, Zhou L, Patil S, Marcet JE, Varma MG, Oommen S, Cataldo PA, Hunt SR, Kumar A, Herzig DO, Fichera A, Polite BN, Hyman NH, Ternent CA, Stamos MJ, Pigazzi A, Dietz D, Yakunina Y, Pelossof R, Garcia-Aguilar J; Timing of Rectal Cancer Response to Chemoradiation Consortium. Consolidation mFOLFOX6 Chemotherapy After Chemoradiotherapy Improves Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Final Results of a Multicenter Phase II Trial. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Oct;61(10):1146-1155. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000001207.
• Background Fang Y, Sheng C, Ding F, Zhao W, Guan G, Liu X. Adding Consolidation Capecitabine to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Propensity-Matched Comparative Study. Front Surg. 2022 Jan 27;8:770767. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.770767. eCollection 2021.
• Background Chakrabarti D, Rajan S, Akhtar N, Qayoom S, Gupta S, Verma M, Srivastava K, Kumar V, Bhatt MLB, Gupta R. Short-course radiotherapy with consolidation chemotherapy versus conventionally fractionated long-course chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg. 2021 May 27;108(5):511-520. doi: 10.1093/bjs/znab020.
• Background Wu H, Fan C, Fang C, Huang L, Li Y, Zhou Z. Preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by consolidation chemotherapy for treatment with locally advanced rectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Radiat Oncol. 2022 Jan 24;17(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s13014-021-01974-4.
• Background Seo N, Kim H, Cho MS, Lim JS. Response Assessment with MRI after Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: Current Evidences. Korean J Radiol. 2019 Jul;20(7):1003-1018. doi: 10.3348/kjr.2018.0611.
• Background Clavien PA, Barkun J, de Oliveira ML, Vauthey JN, Dindo D, Schulick RD, de Santibanes E, Pekolj J, Slankamenac K, Bassi C, Graf R, Vonlanthen R, Padbury R, Cameron JL, Makuuchi M. The Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications: five-year experience. Ann Surg. 2009 Aug;250(2):187-96. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181b13ca2.
• Background Chung F, Chan VW, Ong D. A post-anesthetic discharge scoring system for home readiness after ambulatory surgery. J Clin Anesth. 1995 Sep;7(6):500-6. doi: 10.1016/0952-8180(95)00130-a.
• Background Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, Rockall TA, Young-Fadok TM, Hill AG, Soop M, de Boer HD, Urman RD, Chang GJ, Fichera A, Kessler H, Grass F, Whang EE, Fawcett WJ, Carli F, Lobo DN, Rollins KE, Balfour A, Baldini G, Riedel B, Ljungqvist O. Guidelines for Perioperative Care in Elective Colorectal Surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society Recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019 Mar;43(3):659-695. doi: 10.1007/s00268-018-4844-y.

Drugs

Indications