Ketone Monitoring in T1D: Effect of SGLT2i During Usual Care and With Insulin Deficiency

Summary

This proposed study will test whether measurement of breath acetone (BrAce) can be used for the purpose of identifying ketosis (elevated ketones) in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This is important for the potential use of sodium glucose co-transport inhibitors (SGLT2i) in persons with T1D.

Timeline

Start

2022-10-14

Primary completion

2023-12-23

Completion

2023-12-23

Publications

• Background Dandona P, Mathieu C, Phillip M, Hansen L, Griffen SC, Tschope D, Thoren F, Xu J, Langkilde AM; DEPICT-1 Investigators. Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes (DEPICT-1): 24 week results from a multicentre, double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2017 Nov;5(11):864-876. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30308-X. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
• Background Mathieu C, Dandona P, Gillard P, Senior P, Hasslacher C, Araki E, Lind M, Bain SC, Jabbour S, Arya N, Hansen L, Thoren F, Langkilde AM; DEPICT-2 Investigators. Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 1 Diabetes (the DEPICT-2 Study): 24-Week Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. 2018 Sep;41(9):1938-1946. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0623. Epub 2018 Jul 19.
• Background Owen OE, Trapp VE, Skutches CL, Mozzoli MA, Hoeldtke RD, Boden G, Reichard GA Jr. Acetone metabolism during diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes. 1982 Mar;31(3):242-8. doi: 10.2337/diab.31.3.242.
• Background Garg SK, Peters AL, Buse JB, Danne T. Strategy for Mitigating DKA Risk in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Adjunctive Treatment with SGLT Inhibitors: A STICH Protocol. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2018 Sep;20(9):571-575. doi: 10.1089/dia.2018.0246. Epub 2018 Aug 21. No abstract available.
• Background Laffel L. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999 Nov-Dec;15(6):412-26. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199911/12)15:63.0.co;2-8.
• Background Hancock G, Sharma S, Galpin M, Lunn D, Megson C, Peverall R, Richmond G, Ritchie GAD, Owen KR. The correlation between breath acetone and blood betahydroxybutyrate in individuals with type 1 diabetes. J Breath Res. 2020 Oct 29;15(1):017101. doi: 10.1088/1752-7163/abbf37.
• Background Suntrup Iii DJ, Ratto TV, Ratto M, McCarter JP. Characterization of a high-resolution breath acetone meter for ketosis monitoring. PeerJ. 2020 Sep 24;8:e9969. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9969. eCollection 2020.
• Background Spanel P, Dryahina K, Rejskova A, Chippendale TW, Smith D. Breath acetone concentration; biological variability and the influence of diet. Physiol Meas. 2011 Aug;32(8):N23-31. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/8/N01. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
• Background Rydosz A. A Negative Correlation Between Blood Glucose and Acetone Measured in Healthy and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patient Breath. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2015 Jul;9(4):881-4. doi: 10.1177/1932296815572366. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
• Background Herring RA, Shojaee-Moradie F, Garesse R, Stevenage M, Jackson N, Fielding BA, Mendis A, Johnsen S, Umpleby AM, Davies M, Russell-Jones DL. Metabolic Effects of an SGLT2 Inhibitor (Dapagliflozin) During a Period of Acute Insulin Withdrawal and Development of Ketoacidosis in People With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020 Sep;43(9):2128-2136. doi: 10.2337/dc19-2579. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
• Background Patel NS, Van Name MA, Cengiz E, Carria LR, Weinzimer SA, Tamborlane WV, Sherr JL. Altered Patterns of Early Metabolic Decompensation in Type 1 Diabetes During Treatment with a SGLT2 Inhibitor: An Insulin Pump Suspension Study. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2017 Nov;19(11):618-622. doi: 10.1089/dia.2017.0267. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
• Jones KE, Petersen MC, Markov AM, Salam M, Krutilova P, McKee AM, Bohnert KL, Adamson SE, McGill JB. Breath Acetone Correlates With Capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate in Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025 Apr 22:19322968251334640. doi: 10.1177/19322968251334640. Online ahead of print.
• Jones KE, Petersen MC, Markov AM, Salam M, Krutilova P, McKee AM, Bohnert KL, Adamson SE, McGill JB. Breath Acetone Correlates with Capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate in Type 1 Diabetes. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2025 Jan 31:2025.01.30.25321320. doi: 10.1101/2025.01.30.25321320.

Drugs

Indications