Medicine-induced Cardiac Hemodialysis on COVID-19

Summary

The clinical trial studies the human pathogen of SARS-CoV-2, with a specificity in the circulating Spike 2 protein in the human system. The clinical trial hypothesizes that SARS-CoV-2 human pathogen arises from immune attacks, underlying the severe physiological symptoms that can be lethal. It further hypothesizes that the vaccines do not deal with the Spike 2 protein that causes the immune attacks.

Timeline

Start

2023-01-02

Primary completion

2023-01-10

Completion

2023-01-12

Publications

• Background Liu X, Mostafavi H, Ng WH, Freitas JR, King NJC, Zaid A, Taylor A, Mahalingam S. The Delta SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Induces Distinct Pathogenic Patterns of Respiratory Disease in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice Compared to the Ancestral Strain from Wuhan. mBio. 2022 Jun 28;13(3):e0068322. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00683-22. Epub 2022 Apr 14.
• Background Wu Zhang X, Leng Yap Y. Structural similarity between HIV-1 gp41 and SARS-CoV S2 proteins suggests an analogous membrane fusion mechanism. Theochem. 2004 May;677(1):73-76. doi: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.02.018. Epub 2004 Apr 2.
• Background Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Mar;19(3):141-154. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7. Epub 2020 Oct 6.
• Background Xavier LL, Neves PFR, Paz LV, Neves LT, Bagatini PB, Timmers LFSM, Rasia-Filho AA, Mestriner RG, Wieck A. Does Angiotensin II Peak in Response to SARS-CoV-2? Front Immunol. 2021 Jan 14;11:577875. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.577875. eCollection 2020.
• Background Ortiz-Guerrero G, Amador-Munoz D, Calderon-Ospina CA, Lopez-Fuentes D, Nava Mesa MO. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Dementia: Physiopathological Mechanisms and Clinical Consequences. Neural Plast. 2018 Mar 21;2018:5257285. doi: 10.1155/2018/5257285. eCollection 2018.
• Background Tabares L, Betz B. Multiple functions of the vesicular proton pump in nerve terminals. Neuron. 2010 Dec 22;68(6):1020-2. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.012.
• Background Goldstein FC, Steenland K, Zhao L, Wharton W, Levey AI, Hajjar I. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Sep;65(9):1969-1974. doi: 10.1111/jgs.14956. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
• Background Poea-Guyon S, Ammar MR, Erard M, Amar M, Moreau AW, Fossier P, Gleize V, Vitale N, Morel N. The V-ATPase membrane domain is a sensor of granular pH that controls the exocytotic machinery. J Cell Biol. 2013 Oct 28;203(2):283-98. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201303104.
• Background Wang D, Hiesinger PR. The vesicular ATPase: a missing link between acidification and exocytosis. J Cell Biol. 2013 Oct 28;203(2):171-3. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201309130.
• Background Glebov OO. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis for COVID-19 drug repurposing. FEBS J. 2020 Sep;287(17):3664-3671. doi: 10.1111/febs.15369. Epub 2020 Jun 2.
• Background Ragia G, Manolopoulos VG. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry through the ACE2/TMPRSS2 pathway: a promising approach for uncovering early COVID-19 drug therapies. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Dec;76(12):1623-1630. doi: 10.1007/s00228-020-02963-4. Epub 2020 Jul 21.
• Background Cure E, Cumhur Cure M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020 Jul-Aug;14(4):349-350. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.019. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
• Background Duwal S, Schutte C, von Kleist M. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir and prophylactic efficacy against HIV-1 infection. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040382. Epub 2012 Jul 11.
• Background Bradley BT, Bryan A, Fink SL, Goecker EA, Roychoudhury P, Huang ML, Zhu H, Chaudhary A, Madarampalli B, Lu JYC, Strand K, Whimbey E, Bryson-Cahn C, Schippers A, Mani NS, Pepper G, Jerome KR, Morishima C, Coombs RW, Wener M, Cohen S, Greninger AL. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Measured by the AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 Assay Are Concordant with Previously Available Serologic Assays but Are Not Fully Predictive of Sterilizing Immunity. J Clin Microbiol. 2021 Aug 18;59(9):e0098921. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00989-21. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
• Background Graham RL, Baric RS. Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission. J Virol. 2010 Apr;84(7):3134-46. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01394-09. Epub 2009 Nov 11.
• Background Pham AQ, Xu LH, Moe OW. Drug-Induced Metabolic Acidosis. F1000Res. 2015 Dec 16;4:F1000 Faculty Rev-1460. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.7006.1. eCollection 2015.
• Background Fischer W, Giorgi EE, Chakraborty S, Nguyen K, Bhattacharya T, Theiler J, Goloboff PA, Yoon H, Abfalterer W, Foley BT, Tegally H, San JE, de Oliveira T; Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa (NGS-SA); Gnanakaran S, Korber B. HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2: Patterns in the evolution of two pandemic pathogens. Cell Host Microbe. 2021 Jul 14;29(7):1093-1110. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.05.012. Epub 2021 Jun 3.
• Background Dilip KG. Poison as Discussed by Susruta, The Father of Surgery. Biomedical Science and Clinical Research. 2022; 1(1): 18-20.
• Background Yonker LM, Swank Z, Bartsch YC, Burns MD, Kane A, Boribong BP, Davis JP, Loiselle M, Novak T, Senussi Y, Cheng CA, Burgess E, Edlow AG, Chou J, Dionne A, Balaguru D, Lahoud-Rahme M, Arditi M, Julg B, Randolph AG, Alter G, Fasano A, Walt DR. Circulating Spike Protein Detected in Post-COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Myocarditis. Circulation. 2023 Mar 14;147(11):867-876. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.061025. Epub 2023 Jan 4.
• Background Yang IP. Public health equity in information asymmetry - phenomenological studies upon SARS-CoV-2 super- virus mutation. International Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Journal. 2023; 8(1): 14-18.

Drugs

Indications