Drugs / Enalapril
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Enalapril

Other / unclassified targets ACE via inhibition

Developed for
hypertensive disorder · heart failure · cardiovascular disorder · diabetic kidney disease · dilated cardiomyopathy · essential hypertension · heart disorder · preeclampsia
+41 more · breast cancer · chemotherapy-induced toxicity · COVID-19 · IgA glomerulonephritis · type 2 diabetes mellitus · atherosclerosis · cancer · Chagas cardiomyopathy · congenital heart disease · congenital vascular malformation · diabetes mellitus · diastolic heart failure · erectile dysfunction · hypertension, pregnancy-induced · intracerebral hemorrhage · mild heart failure · moderate heart failure · muscular dystrophy · myocardial disorder · non-Hodgkin lymphoma · pneumonia · poisoning · proteinuria · pseudohypoaldosteronism · retinal ischemia · rheumatoid arthritis · sickle cell disease · symptomatic heart failure · type 1 diabetes mellitus · Barrett esophagus · Chagas disease · chronic kidney disease · complement 3 glomerulopathy · congestive heart failure · puerperal disorder · radiation pneumonitis · resistant hypertension · secondary hypertension · severe pre-eclampsia · ST-elevation myocardial infarction · systolic heart failure
Investigated by
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) · Novartis Pharmaceuticals · Ethicare GmbH · Duke University · European Institute of Oncology · Federal University of Minas Gerais
+88 more · Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre · National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) · Tehran University of Medical Sciences · University of Copenhagen · University of Sao Paulo · Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · Assiut University · Astellas Pharma Inc · Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre · Berry Consultants · Bispebjerg Hospital · Boehringer Ingelheim · Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) · Children's Oncology Group · Dexcel Pharma Technologies Ltd. · European Commission · European Union · GlaxoSmithKline · Global Coalition for Adaptive Research · Göteborg University · Haukeland University Hospital · Hospital Arnau de Vilanova · Hospital Britanico · Hospital Clinic of Barcelona · InCor Heart Institute · Instituto de Salud Carlos III · Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre · Istituto Auxologico Italiano · Italian Society of General Practitioners · Italian Society of Hypertension · Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust · Martin Huelsmann · Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota · Medical Research Institute of New Zealand · Medical University of Vienna · Meir Medical Center · Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans (Denmark) · Merck Frosst Canada Ltd. · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · Methodist Hospital Foundation · Michael Mauer, MD · Nat Intensive Care Surveillance - MORU · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · National Cheng-Kung University Hospital · National Health Security Office, Thailand · National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · National University Hospital, Singapore · Nebraska Methodist Health System · Newcastle University · Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust · Norwegian Cancer Society · Oslo University Hospital · Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation · Penn State University · Pfizer · RECORDATI GROUP · Ramathibodi Hospital · Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · Shiraz University of Medical Sciences · South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · St George's, University of London · St. Marianna University School of Medicine · Stanford University · São Paulo Research Foundation · Tanta University · The Cleveland Clinic · The Government Pharmaceutical Organization · The Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR) · The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Denmark · The Norwegian Melanoma Group · UMC Utrecht · Ubon Ratchathani Public Health Office, Thailand · Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Renales · Unity Health · all 94 on the full record

Regulatory milestones approvals, filings & regulatory actions · 8 recorded

MilestoneJurisdictionBrandIndicationDateSentence it was read from
Approved EU (EMA) Aqumeldi 2023-11-15 europa.eu
Label expansion US (FDA) EPANED KIT 2014-09-04 fda.gov
Label expansions (5) US (FDA) VASOTEC 1988-06-24 – 2001-02-13 fda.gov
Approved US (FDA) VASOTEC 1985-12-24 fda.gov

Trials 64 · started per year

today
US approved 1985
EU approved 2023
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PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 15 trials
Phase 1 NCT02252692 Aug → Oct 2014 heart failure Ethicare GmbH Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01822639 Apr → May 2013 hypertensive disorder GlaxoSmithKline Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01117038 Apr → May 2010 erectile dysfunction VIVUS LLC Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT01115946 Mar → Apr 2010 Astellas Pharma Inc Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00899587 retinal ischemia Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2 NCT03179163 Jul 2016 → Aug 2022 essential hypertension Penn State University Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 213 trials
Phase 2 NCT06788314 Feb 2025 → Dec 2029 expected congenital vascular malformation Oslo University Hospital Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT05232370 Jan 2022 Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Enfermedades Renales Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03466333 Sep 2018 → Sep 2020 preeclampsia Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03005184 Sep 2017 → Jan 2020 mild heart failure, moderate heart failure Vanderbilt University Medical Center Withdrawn No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT03667131 Feb → Dec 2017 rheumatoid arthritis University of Guadalajara Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01705392 Jan 2013 → Feb 2017 metastatic melanoma Haukeland University Hospital Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT02281838 Aug 2011 → Nov 2021 intracerebral hemorrhage University of Alberta Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01093807 Mar 2010 → Mar 2011 essential hypertension RECORDATI GROUP Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00603590 Nov 2006 → Jun 2008 heart disorder, hyperlipidemia, hypertensive disorder Tehran University of Medical Sciences Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00394394 Feb 2005 → ? hypertensive disorder Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT02678312 Nov 2016 → Jan 2022 heart failure Novartis Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT02654678 Mar 2016 → Apr 2018 congenital heart disease, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure Ethicare GmbH Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT02652728 Jan 2016 → Jun 2017 dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure Ethicare GmbH Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 316 trials
Phase 3 NCT07222852 Nov 2025 → Oct 2027 expected preeclampsia Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT04591210 Jan 2021 → Dec 2024 COVID-19, cardiovascular disorder Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT04345406 Apr 2020 → Dec 2029 expected COVID-19 Tanta University Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03265574 Oct 2017 → Aug 2023 breast cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma South Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03066804 Aug 2017 → Oct 2019 diastolic heart failure Novartis Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02735707 Apr 2016 → Feb 2026 overdue pneumonia UMC Utrecht Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03459560 Dec 2015 → Mar 2022 cardiovascular disorder Tehran University of Medical Sciences Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT01968200 Dec 2012 → Dec 2019 cancer European Institute of Oncology Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02432885 Jun 2009 → Jun 2012 cardiovascular disorder, muscular dystrophy InCor Heart Institute Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT00853658 Mar 2009 → Oct 2015 heart failure Novartis Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 414 trials
Phase 4 NCT07023003 Jul 2025 → Jul 2028 expected hypertension, pregnancy-induced Nebraska Methodist Health System Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05711810 Jan 2023 Orthocoronavirinae infectious disease, myocarditis Yang I. Pachankis Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05637853 Oct 2022 → Aug 2024 overdue symptomatic heart failure Göteborg University Active not recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02817360 Feb 2016 → Dec 2025 overdue heart disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus Martin Huelsmann Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT01669434 Jun 2015 → Nov 2016 University of Nebraska Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT02135263 Apr 2012 → May 2014 butyrylesterase 1 Bispebjerg Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT01211314 Jan → Dec 2011 hypertensive disorder Meir Medical Center Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT01069042 Feb → Aug 2010 heart failure National Cheng-Kung University Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00734123 Apr 2008 → Apr 2009 atherosclerosis Hospital Arnau de Vilanova Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT00456963 Sep 2007 → Mar 2010 diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorder Istituto Auxologico Italiano Terminated No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable12 trials
NCT07363343 Mar 2026 → Dec 2029 expected preeclampsia The Cleveland Clinic Recruiting No outcome recorded
NCT06187493 Jan 2024 → Jan 2025 diabetic kidney disease Assiut University Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT06710600 Sep 2022 → Apr 2024 photosensitivity disease Medical University of Vienna Completed No outcome recorded
NCT04092309 Sep 2019 → Sep 2020 disease related to hematopoietic stem cell transplant, poisoning University of Athens Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT03949075 May → Dec 2019 University of Copenhagen Completed No outcome recorded
NCT01867047 Jun 2013 → Jun 2016 hypotensive disorder Duke University Terminated No outcome recorded
NCT01364675 Jan 2012 → Jul 2016 hypertensive disorder, prediabetes syndrome Ramathibodi Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT01096121 Jun 2010 → Jan 2012 sickle cell disease Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Terminated No outcome recorded
NCT00895414 Apr 2009 → Apr 2014 breast cancer Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Completed No outcome recorded
NCT00141583 Apr 2004 → Oct 2006 essential hypertension St George's, University of London Terminated No outcome recorded
Also used as a comparator or background therapy in 69 trials
PhaseRegistry idDatesIndicationSponsorStatusOutcome
Phase 01 trial
Phase 0 NCT02879721 Comparator Oct 2009 → Dec 2012 Barrett esophagus Göteborg University Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 12 trials
Phase 1 NCT02623036 Comparator Nov 2015 → Apr 2018 resistant hypertension Memorial Health University Medical Center Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 1 NCT00270153 Comparator Sep 2004 → Dec 2009 Montefiore Medical Center Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 1/21 trial
Phase 1/2 NCT01624064 Comparator Aug → Oct 2012 chronic kidney disease Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 28 trials
Phase 2 NCT04484350 Background Oct 2020 → Feb 2023 hypertensive disorder, ischemic stroke, vascular occlusion disorder Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT04183101 Comparator Oct 2020 → Dec 2029 expected C3 glomerulonephritis, dense deposit disease, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Region Skane Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT01754909 Comparator Nov 2013 → Apr 2018 lung cancer, radiation pneumonitis VA Office of Research and Development Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00543413 Comparator Oct 2007 → Jun 2008 hypertensive disorder Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2 NCT00963976 Background Jan 2007 → Dec 2011 intracerebral hemorrhage University of Alberta Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/33 trials
Phase 2/3 NCT05373004 Comparator Mar 2023 → Mar 2024 diabetic kidney disease Omar Tarek Elfarargi Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT02575092 Background Nov 2015 → Feb 2019 coronary artery disorder, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertensive disorder Fuling Central Hospital of Chongqing City Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 2/3 NCT01007994 Comparator Nov 2009 → Jan 2020 secondary hypertension Northwell Health Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 316 trials
Phase 3 NCT04912167 Comparator Nov 2021 → Mar 2022 ST-elevation myocardial infarction West China Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT04853758 Comparator May 2021 → Dec 2024 Chagas cardiomyopathy University of Sao Paulo General Hospital Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT03917459 Comparator Apr 2019 → May 2021 erectile dysfunction, systolic heart failure Novartis Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02900378 Comparator Dec 2016 → Apr 2018 congestive heart failure Novartis Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 3 NCT02468232 Comparator Jun 2015 → Feb 2019 systolic heart failure Novartis Pharmaceuticals Completed No outcome recorded
Phase 430 trials
Phase 4 NCT07547878 Comparator Apr 2026 → Mar 2029 expected chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus Baylor Research Institute Not yet recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT07513883 Background Mar 2026 → Sep 2028 expected heart failure Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Recruiting No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT05487261 Comparator Dec 2022 → Feb 2025 heart failure Clinical Hospital Heliodor Swiecicki of the Medical University of Karol Marcinkowski in Poznań Unknown No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04330300 Comparator Apr 2020 → Jul 2021 COVID-19, essential hypertension National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Suspended No outcome recorded
Phase 4 NCT04236258 Comparator Jan 2020 → Jun 2021 puerperal disorder, severe pre-eclampsia Brigham and Women's Hospital Completed No outcome recorded
Phase not applicable8 trials
NCT07568574 Background Mar 2026 → May 2028 expected Enhanced Emirates Limited Enrolling by invitation No outcome recorded
NCT05479097 Background Feb → Aug 2023 hypertensive disorder University of Wisconsin, Madison Completed No outcome recorded
NCT03526042 Comparator Sep 2017 → Jul 2019 atherosclerosis, lupus nephritis National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT01891292 Comparator Jul 2013 → Aug 2014 proteinuria, sickle cell disease The University of The West Indies Unknown No outcome recorded
NCT01839253 Comparator Aug 2012 → Mar 2014 Yonsei University Completed No outcome recorded

Press releases naming this drug 2 releases

DateIssuerRelease
2018-04-04 Novartis Pharmaceuticals Novartis announces JAMA Cardiology publication of data showing Entresto® improves physical and social activity in HFrEF patients versus enalapril novartis.com
2000-08-23 Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. Teva Received Two Approvals:Final Approval for Enalapril to be Shipped Immediately Tentative Approval for Loratadine tevapharm.com

Evidence & citations 10 cited values

Every value below carries the sentence it was read from. 134 sources stand behind the page.

FieldValueCited text
Known as enalapril “Examples of possible ACE-I drugs include: benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec, Epaned), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril),...” NCT01867047
129

“In the second week, RAASi will be introduced with either angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)(Ramipril or Enalapril) or angiotensin receptor neprilisyn inhibitor...” NCT05637853

“If necessary, the dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker was combined with or replaced by enalapril maleate (5-20 mg/day), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg/day), or both drugs.” NCT02088450

“We randomized 90 patients with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after BMT to sacubitril/valsartan, enalapril, or no cardioprotective medication (controls).” PMID 39983618 Feb 2025

“A combination tablet containing Aspirin 81 mg, enalapril 5 mg (or valsartan 40 mg), atorvastatin 20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg taken once daily” NCT01271985

“sirolimus starting at 1 mg/d (target 3-6 ng/ml) plus enalapril starting at 5 mg/d to control blood pressure plus atorvastatin starting at 10 mg/d” NCT00396721

“RAAS (Lisinopril, Enalapril, Perindopril, Losartan, and Valsartan taken each day at maximum tolerated dose that will different for each subject)” NCT03502031

“The study recommends physicians to select an ACEi with proven benefit in cardiovascular diseases such as perindopril, ramipril or enalapril.” NCT04591210

“The polypill comprises hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, aspirin 81 mg, atorvastatin 20 mg, and either enalapril 5 mg or valsartan 40 mg.” PMID 32894967 Aug 2020

“The combined use of enalapril and folic acid, compared with enalapril alone, significantly reduced the risk of first stroke.” NCT02817503

“Fixed dose combination therapy - aspirin 81mg, hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg, enalapril 2.5mg and atorvastatin 20mg Once daily” NCT00603590

“Benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril” NCT04330300

“All patients received enalapril (up-titrated to 20 mg BID) and spironolactone (25 mg QD).” NCT01557140

“prescription of antihypertensives (amlodipine and/or losartan OR enalapril)” NCT05479097

“ACE inhibitor: enalapril, lisinopril, ramipril, captopril or trandolapril” NCT07513883

enalapril: 10 mg bid→5 mg bid→2,5 mg bid→1,25 mg bid→stop” NCT02200822

“benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril” NCT00684489

“Other Name: Enalapril, Lorsartan, Prednisolone” NCT02571842

enalapril (Enalapril "ratiopharm") 10mg” NCT06710600

“Captopril or enalaprilNCT04345406

Enalapril 40mg/d” NCT02817360

enalaprilNCT01669434

EnalaprilNCT01839253

EnalaprilNCT00741585

EnalaprilNCT02735707

EnalaprilNCT05232370

enalaprilNCT01015937

NCT00292162

NCT03949075

NCT00794885

NCT00270153

NCT00446511

NCT01411735

NCT07547878

NCT02900378

NCT01069042

NCT05373004

NCT01096121

NCT00292526

NCT04484350

NCT00963976

NCT03119623

NCT00419835

NCT00006137

NCT03466333

NCT04236258

NCT02468232

NCT00899587

NCT02177448

NCT00433836

NCT02652728

NCT02879721

NCT03472508

NCT01624064

NCT04023227

NCT01822639

NCT00295542

NCT02177461

NCT00113698

NCT01364675

NCT01110824

NCT02554890

NCT01968200

NCT07363343

NCT02970669

NCT02768298

NCT01115946

NCT01211314

NCT01754909

NCT00235287

NCT04912167

NCT03179163

NCT01093807

NCT00391846

NCT07568574

NCT02678312

NCT00484068

NCT01035255

NCT00895414

NCT00882440

NCT03066804

NCT00543413

NCT02252692

NCT01117038

NCT02623036

NCT02135263

NCT02874794

NCT00000516

NCT00734123

NCT03526042

NCT03051282

NCT01007994

NCT00520247

NCT00666848

NCT03190304

NCT00004328

NCT03265574

NCT03005184

NCT03917459

NCT00000522

NCT06788314

NCT02432885

NCT01891292

NCT01041963

NCT02654678

NCT00568178

NCT07023003

NCT05487261

NCT00853658

NCT00456963

NCT01437371

NCT00143949

NCT03667131

NCT01305850

NCT00113087

NCT00394394

NCT00302705

NCT02281838

NCT00003070

NCT00367562

NCT01705392

NCT00274118

NCT00000547

NCT07222852

NCT00141583

NCT02214498

NCT04183101

NCT04853758

NCT01151410

NCT06187493

Known as Corodil “Initially 5 mg Corodil® 'Enalapril' daily followed by up to 20 mg daily dependent on the blood pressure response” NCT03949075
Known as Enalapril "ratiopharm" “enalapril (Enalapril "ratiopharm") 10mg” NCT06710600
Known as enalapril maleate “The PROACT trial will establish the effectiveness of the ACE inhibitor enalapril maleate (enalapril) in preventing cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer and...” PMID 36585130 Dec 2022
4

“Drug: enalapril maleateNCT00003070

NCT05711810

NCT01871740

NCT02575092

Known as Epaned “Examples of possible ACE-I drugs include: benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec, Epaned), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril),...” NCT01867047
Known as Vasotec “Examples of possible ACE-I drugs include: benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec, Epaned), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril),...” NCT01867047
Action Inhibit “SOLVD was initiated in 1986 primarily to evaluate the effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.” NCT00000516
Modality Other / unclassified “an ACE Inhibitor” NCT03119623
Route Oral “Patients are administered enalapril or placebo by mouth bid.” NCT00003070
Target ACE “SOLVD was initiated in 1986 primarily to evaluate the effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.” NCT00000516