Chronic Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Intermediate Risk Surgery

Summary

Primary research hypothesis: Patients who continue their chronic ACEI therapy up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience more intraoperative hypotension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #1: Patients who continue their chronic ACEI up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience better postoperative control of hypertension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #2: Patients who continue their chronic ACEI up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience less acute renal failure than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #3: In the subgroup of patients with a preoperative systolic blood pressure less than 110 mmHg, those who continue their chronic ACEI therapy up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience more intraoperative hypotension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively. Secondary research hypothesis #4: In the subgroup of patients above the age of 64, those who continue their chronic ACEI therapy up to and including the morning of a non-cardiac, non-vascular surgery will experience more intraoperative hypotension than those who transiently hold their chronic ACEI preoperatively.

Timeline

Start

2015-06-01

Primary completion

2016-11-01

Completion

2016-12-01

Outcome

Met primary endpoint

paper Intraoperative hypotension occurred less frequently in the omission group (76 of 137 [55%]) than in the continuation group (95 of 138 [69%]) PMID 30261084 ↗

registry analysis (superiority test); ACEI Omission vs ACEI Continuation; p = 0.03; Risk Ratio (RR) 0.81 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.97); Fisher Exact NCT01669434 ↗

Publications

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• Background Rate of all-listed procedures for discharges from short-stay hospitals, by procedure category and age: United States, 2010. 2010.
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• Background Mascha EJ, Yang D, Weiss S, Sessler DI. Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure Variability and 30-day Mortality in Patients Having Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015 Jul;123(1):79-91. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000686.
• Background Walsh M, Devereaux PJ, Garg AX, Kurz A, Turan A, Rodseth RN, Cywinski J, Thabane L, Sessler DI. Relationship between intraoperative mean arterial pressure and clinical outcomes after noncardiac surgery: toward an empirical definition of hypotension. Anesthesiology. 2013 Sep;119(3):507-15. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a10e26.
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• Background Fleisher LA, Fleischmann KE, Auerbach AD, Barnason SA, Beckman JA, Bozkurt B, Davila-Roman VG, Gerhard-Herman MD, Holly TA, Kane GC, Marine JE, Nelson MT, Spencer CC, Thompson A, Ting HH, Uretsky BF, Wijeysundera DN; American College of Cardiology; American Heart Association. 2014 ACC/AHA guideline on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 9;64(22):e77-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.07.944. Epub 2014 Aug 1. No abstract available.
• Background Kristensen SD, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Anker S, Botker HE, Hert SD, Ford I, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Gorenek B, Heyndrickx GR, Hoeft A, Huber K, Iung B, Kjeldsen KP, Longrois D, Luscher TF, Pierard L, Pocock S, Price S, Roffi M, Sirnes PA, Sousa-Uva M, Voudris V, Funck-Brentano C; Authors/Task Force Members. 2014 ESC/ESA Guidelines on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management: The Joint Task Force on non-cardiac surgery: cardiovascular assessment and management of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J. 2014 Sep 14;35(35):2383-431. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu282. Epub 2014 Aug 1. No abstract available.
• Background Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, Levin A; Acute Kidney Injury Network. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11(2):R31. doi: 10.1186/cc5713.
• Background Monk TG, Bronsert MR, Henderson WG, Mangione MP, Sum-Ping ST, Bentt DR, Nguyen JD, Richman JS, Meguid RA, Hammermeister KE. Association between Intraoperative Hypotension and Hypertension and 30-day Postoperative Mortality in Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2015 Aug;123(2):307-19. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000756.
• Background Kheterpal S, Khodaparast O, Shanks A, O'Reilly M, Tremper KK. Chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy combined with diuretic therapy is associated with increased episodes of hypotension in noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008 Apr;22(2):180-6. doi: 10.1053/j.jvca.2007.12.020.
• Background Twersky RS, Goel V, Narayan P, Weedon J. The risk of hypertension after preoperative discontinuation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists in ambulatory and same-day admission patients. Anesth Analg. 2014 May;118(5):938-44. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000076.
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• Background Drenger B, Fontes ML, Miao Y, Mathew JP, Gozal Y, Aronson S, Dietzel C, Mangano DT; Investigators of the Ischemia Research and Education Foundation; Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. Patterns of use of perioperative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: effects on in-hospital morbidity and mortality. Circulation. 2012 Jul 17;126(3):261-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.059527. Epub 2012 Jun 19.
• Shiffermiller JF, Monson BJ, Vokoun CW, Beachy MW, Smith MP, Sullivan JN, Vasey AJ, Guda P, Lyden ER, Ellis SJ, Pang H, Thompson RE. Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Preoperative Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition (PREOP-ACEI). J Hosp Med. 2018 Sep;13(10):661-667. doi: 10.12788/jhm.3036. Epub 2018 Jul 25.

Drugs

Evaluation	Drug	Modality	Dose	Route
Subject	Benazepril	Unknown	—	—
Subject	Captopril	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	Enalapril	Other / unclassified	—	—
Subject	Fosinopril	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	LISINOPRIL ANHYDROUS	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	Moexipril	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	Perindopril	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	Quinapril	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	Ramipril	Small molecule	—	—
Subject	trandolapril	Small molecule	—	—

Indications

No indication recorded.