Early Resuscitation in Paediatric Sepsis Using Inotropes

Summary

Septic shock in children still carries substantial mortality and morbidity. While resuscitation with 40-60 mL/kg intravenous fluid boluses remains a cornerstone of initial resuscitation, an increasing body of evidence indicates potential for harm related to high volume fluid administration. The investigators hypothesize that a protocol on early use of inotropes in children with septic shock is feasible and will lead to less fluid bolus use compared to standard fluid resuscitation. Here, the investigators describe the protocol of the Adrenaline in Early Sepsis Resuscitation in Children- A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study in the Emergency Department (ANDES CHILD)

Timeline

Start

2024-07

Primary completion

2025-07

Completion

2025-12

Publications

• Background Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287.
• Background Schlapbach LJ, Kissoon N. Defining Pediatric Sepsis. JAMA Pediatr. 2018 Apr 1;172(4):312-314. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5208. No abstract available.
• Background Scott HF, Brou L, Deakyne SJ, Kempe A, Fairclough DL, Bajaj L. Association Between Early Lactate Levels and 30-Day Mortality in Clinically Suspected Sepsis in Children. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Mar 1;171(3):249-255. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.3681.
• Background Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, Shackelford KA, Tsoi D, Kievlan DR, Colombara DV, Ikuta KS, Kissoon N, Finfer S, Fleischmann-Struzek C, Machado FR, Reinhart KK, Rowan K, Seymour CW, Watson RS, West TE, Marinho F, Hay SI, Lozano R, Lopez AD, Angus DC, Murray CJL, Naghavi M. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2020 Jan 18;395(10219):200-211. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32989-7.
• Background Schlapbach LJ, Straney L, Alexander J, MacLaren G, Festa M, Schibler A, Slater A; ANZICS Paediatric Study Group. Mortality related to invasive infections, sepsis, and septic shock in critically ill children in Australia and New Zealand, 2002-13: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015 Jan;15(1):46-54. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71003-5. Epub 2014 Dec 1.
• Background Schlapbach LJ, Aebischer M, Adams M, Natalucci G, Bonhoeffer J, Latzin P, Nelle M, Bucher HU, Latal B; Swiss Neonatal Network and Follow-Up Group. Impact of sepsis on neurodevelopmental outcome in a Swiss National Cohort of extremely premature infants. Pediatrics. 2011 Aug;128(2):e348-57. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-3338. Epub 2011 Jul 18.
• Background Kirsten R, Heintz B, Nelson K, Oremek G, Speck U. Influence of two guar preparations on glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1992 Dec;30(12):582-6.
• Background Reinhart K, Daniels R, Kissoon N, Machado FR, Schachter RD, Finfer S. Recognizing Sepsis as a Global Health Priority - A WHO Resolution. N Engl J Med. 2017 Aug 3;377(5):414-417. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1707170. Epub 2017 Jun 28. No abstract available.
• Background Schlapbach LJ, Kissoon N, Alhawsawi A, Aljuaid MH, Daniels R, Gorordo-Delsol LA, Machado F, Malik I, Nsutebu EF, Finfer S, Reinhart K. World Sepsis Day: a global agenda to target a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020 Sep 1;319(3):L518-L522. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2020. Epub 2020 Aug 19. No abstract available.
• Background Schlapbach LJ, Thompson K, Finfer SR. The WHO resolution on sepsis: what action is needed in Australia? Med J Aust. 2019 Nov;211(9):395-397.e1. doi: 10.5694/mja2.50279. Epub 2019 Jul 22. No abstract available.
• Background Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, Agus MSD, Flori HR, Inwald DP, Nadel S, Schlapbach LJ, Tasker RC, Argent AC, Brierley J, Carcillo J, Carrol ED, Carroll CL, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Cies JJ, Cruz AT, De Luca D, Deep A, Faust SN, De Oliveira CF, Hall MW, Ishimine P, Javouhey E, Joosten KFM, Joshi P, Karam O, Kneyber MCJ, Lemson J, MacLaren G, Mehta NM, Moller MH, Newth CJL, Nguyen TC, Nishisaki A, Nunnally ME, Parker MM, Paul RM, Randolph AG, Ranjit S, Romer LH, Scott HF, Tume LN, Verger JT, Williams EA, Wolf J, Wong HR, Zimmerman JJ, Kissoon N, Tissieres P. Surviving sepsis campaign international guidelines for the management of septic shock and sepsis-associated organ dysfunction in children. Intensive Care Med. 2020 Feb;46(Suppl 1):10-67. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05878-6.
• Background Evans IVR, Phillips GS, Alpern ER, Angus DC, Friedrich ME, Kissoon N, Lemeshow S, Levy MM, Parker MM, Terry KM, Watson RS, Weiss SL, Zimmerman J, Seymour CW. Association Between the New York Sepsis Care Mandate and In-Hospital Mortality for Pediatric Sepsis. JAMA. 2018 Jul 24;320(4):358-367. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.9071.
• Background Davis AL, Carcillo JA, Aneja RK, Deymann AJ, Lin JC, Nguyen TC, Okhuysen-Cawley RS, Relvas MS, Rozenfeld RA, Skippen PW, Stojadinovic BJ, Williams EA, Yeh TS, Balamuth F, Brierley J, de Caen AR, Cheifetz IM, Choong K, Conway E Jr, Cornell T, Doctor A, Dugas MA, Feldman JD, Fitzgerald JC, Flori HR, Fortenberry JD, Graciano AL, Greenwald BM, Hall MW, Han YY, Hernan LJ, Irazuzta JE, Iselin E, van der Jagt EW, Jeffries HE, Kache S, Katyal C, Kissoon N, Kon AA, Kutko MC, MacLaren G, Maul T, Mehta R, Odetola F, Parbuoni K, Paul R, Peters MJ, Ranjit S, Reuter-Rice KE, Schnitzler EJ, Scott HF, Torres A Jr, Weingarten-Arams J, Weiss SL, Zimmerman JJ, Zuckerberg AL. American College of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Parameters for Hemodynamic Support of Pediatric and Neonatal Septic Shock. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jun;45(6):1061-1093. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002425.
• Background Maitland K, Kiguli S, Opoka RO, Engoru C, Olupot-Olupot P, Akech SO, Nyeko R, Mtove G, Reyburn H, Lang T, Brent B, Evans JA, Tibenderana JK, Crawley J, Russell EC, Levin M, Babiker AG, Gibb DM; FEAST Trial Group. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jun 30;364(26):2483-95. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1101549. Epub 2011 May 26.
• Background Sinitsky L, Walls D, Nadel S, Inwald DP. Fluid overload at 48 hours is associated with respiratory morbidity but not mortality in a general PICU: retrospective cohort study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015 Mar;16(3):205-9. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000318.
• Background Long E, Babl F, Dalziel S, Dalton S, Etheridge C, Duke T; Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT). Fluid resuscitation for paediatric sepsis: A survey of senior emergency physicians in Australia and New Zealand. Emerg Med Australas. 2015 Jun;27(3):245-50. doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12400. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
• Background Gelbart B, Schlapbach L, Ganeshalingham A, Ganu S, Erickson S, Oberender F, Hoq M, Williams G, George S, Festa M; Paediatric Study Group of the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society. Fluid bolus therapy in critically ill children: a survey of practice among paediatric intensive care doctors in Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc. 2018 Jun;20(2):131-138.
• Background Brierley J, Peters MJ. Distinct hemodynamic patterns of septic shock at presentation to pediatric intensive care. Pediatrics. 2008 Oct;122(4):752-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1979.
• Background Finfer S, Myburgh J, Bellomo R. Intravenous fluid therapy in critically ill adults. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018 Sep;14(9):541-557. doi: 10.1038/s41581-018-0044-0.
• Background Gamble C, Krishan A, Stocken D, Lewis S, Juszczak E, Dore C, Williamson PR, Altman DG, Montgomery A, Lim P, Berlin J, Senn S, Day S, Barbachano Y, Loder E. Guidelines for the Content of Statistical Analysis Plans in Clinical Trials. JAMA. 2017 Dec 19;318(23):2337-2343. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.18556.
• Background Harron K, Woolfall K, Dwan K, Gamble C, Mok Q, Ramnarayan P, Gilbert R. Deferred Consent for Randomized Controlled Trials in Emergency Care Settings. Pediatrics. 2015 Nov;136(5):e1316-22. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-0512. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
• Background Goldstein B, Giroir B, Randolph A; International Consensus Conference on Pediatric Sepsis. International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan;6(1):2-8. doi: 10.1097/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6.
• Background Matics TJ, Sanchez-Pinto LN. Adaptation and Validation of a Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and Evaluation of the Sepsis-3 Definitions in Critically Ill Children. JAMA Pediatr. 2017 Oct 2;171(10):e172352. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2352. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
• Background Pollack MM, Holubkov R, Funai T, Clark A, Moler F, Shanley T, Meert K, Newth CJ, Carcillo J, Berger JT, Doctor A, Berg RA, Dalton H, Wessel DL, Harrison RE, Dean JM, Jenkins TL. Relationship between the functional status scale and the pediatric overall performance category and pediatric cerebral performance category scales. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 Jul;168(7):671-6. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.5316.
• Background Cook D, Lauzier F, Rocha MG, Sayles MJ, Finfer S. Serious adverse events in academic critical care research. CMAJ. 2008 Apr 22;178(9):1181-4. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.071366. No abstract available.
• Background Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010. Epub 2008 Sep 30.
• Background Schlapbach LJ, Gibbons K, Ridolfi R, Harley A, Cree M, Long D, Buckley D, Erickson S, Festa M, George S, King M, Singh P, Raman S, Bellomo R; RESPOND PICU study investigators and the Australian New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG). Resuscitation in Paediatric Sepsis Using Metabolic Resuscitation-A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (RESPOND PICU): Study Protocol and Analysis Plan. Front Pediatr. 2021 Apr 30;9:663435. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.663435. eCollection 2021.
• Background Brierley J, Carcillo JA, Choong K, Cornell T, Decaen A, Deymann A, Doctor A, Davis A, Duff J, Dugas MA, Duncan A, Evans B, Feldman J, Felmet K, Fisher G, Frankel L, Jeffries H, Greenwald B, Gutierrez J, Hall M, Han YY, Hanson J, Hazelzet J, Hernan L, Kiff J, Kissoon N, Kon A, Irazuzta J, Lin J, Lorts A, Mariscalco M, Mehta R, Nadel S, Nguyen T, Nicholson C, Peters M, Okhuysen-Cawley R, Poulton T, Relves M, Rodriguez A, Rozenfeld R, Schnitzler E, Shanley T, Kache S, Skippen P, Torres A, von Dessauer B, Weingarten J, Yeh T, Zaritsky A, Stojadinovic B, Zimmerman J, Zuckerberg A. Clinical practice parameters for hemodynamic support of pediatric and neonatal septic shock: 2007 update from the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med. 2009 Feb;37(2):666-88. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819323c6.
• Background Levin M, Cunnington AJ, Wilson C, Nadel S, Lang HJ, Ninis N, McCulloch M, Argent A, Buys H, Moxon CA, Best A, Nijman RG, Hoggart CJ. Effects of saline or albumin fluid bolus in resuscitation: evidence from re-analysis of the FEAST trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019 Jul;7(7):581-593. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30114-6. Epub 2019 Jun 10.
• Background Inwald DP, Canter R, Woolfall K, Mouncey P, Zenasni Z, O'Hara C, Carter A, Jones N, Lyttle MD, Nadel S, Peters MJ, Harrison DA, Rowan KM; PERUKI (Paediatric Emergency Research in the UK and Ireland) and PICS SG (Paediatric Intensive Care Society Study Group). Restricted fluid bolus volume in early septic shock: results of the Fluids in Shock pilot trial. Arch Dis Child. 2019 May;104(5):426-431. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-314924. Epub 2018 Aug 7.
• Background Parker MJ, Thabane L, Fox-Robichaud A, Liaw P, Choong K; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group and the Canadian Critical Care Translational Biology Group. A trial to determine whether septic shock-reversal is quicker in pediatric patients randomized to an early goal-directed fluid-sparing strategy versus usual care (SQUEEZE): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016 Nov 22;17(1):556. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1689-2.

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Indications