Effect of Dapagliflozin Administration on the Apoptosis Levels of Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Summary

The currently known Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are recognized not only for their effects on improving intravascular glucose levels but also for their cardioprotective effects, including improvements in endothelial dysfunction, inhibition of platelet activation, reduction in autophagy processes, oxidative stress, and inflammation, as well as inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger pathway, which potentially reduces cell damage and death resulting from ischemia and reperfusion processes. Research on the benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors in pre-clinical studies with myocardial infarction has shown a significant reduction in myocardial apoptosis, indicated by reduced levels of caspase-3 and the apoptosis index. Additionally, there was an increase in ketone bodies and myocardial ATP, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, free radicals, and infarct area, as well as improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction. However, large-scale studies in humans have thus far been limited to investigating the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on mortality, rehospitalization rates due to heart failure, cardiometabolic factors, and improvements in remodeling parameters in myocardial infarction patients, with the use of empagliflozin or dapagliflozin. Based on literature reviews, there have been no studies to date that directly demonstrate the effects of dapagliflozin on apoptosis (caspase-3 levels) in myocardial infarction patients.

Timeline

Start

2024-09-21

Primary completion

2024-11-30

Completion

2024-12-07

Publications

• Background James S, Erlinge D, Storey RF, McGuire DK, de Belder M, Eriksson N, Andersen K, Austin D, Arefalk G, Carrick D, Hofmann R, Hoole SP, Jones DA, Lee K, Tygesen H, Johansson PA, Langkilde AM, Ridderstrale W, Parvaresh Rizi E, Deanfield J, Oldgren J. Dapagliflozin in Myocardial Infarction without Diabetes or Heart Failure. NEJM Evid. 2024 Feb;3(2):EVIDoa2300286. doi: 10.1056/EVIDoa2300286. Epub 2023 Nov 11.
• Background Hernandez AF, Udell JA, Jones WS, Anker SD, Petrie MC, Harrington J, Mattheus M, Seide S, Zwiener I, Amir O, Bahit MC, Bauersachs J, Bayes-Genis A, Chen Y, Chopra VK, A Figtree G, Ge J, G Goodman S, Gotcheva N, Goto S, Gasior T, Jamal W, Januzzi JL, Jeong MH, Lopatin Y, Lopes RD, Merkely B, Parikh PB, Parkhomenko A, Ponikowski P, Rossello X, Schou M, Simic D, Steg PG, Szachniewicz J, van der Meer P, Vinereanu D, Zieroth S, Brueckmann M, Sumin M, Bhatt DL, Butler J. Effect of Empagliflozin on Heart Failure Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Insights From the EMPACT-MI Trial. Circulation. 2024 May 21;149(21):1627-1638. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069217. Epub 2024 Apr 6.
• Background Tanajak P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Sivasinprasasn S, Thummasorn S, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Cardioprotection of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in rats with cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Endocrinol. 2018 Feb;236(2):69-84. doi: 10.1530/JOE-17-0457. Epub 2017 Nov 15.
• Background Jin W, Wang L, Zhu T, Ma Y, Yu C, Zhang F. Usefulness of echocardiographic myocardial work in evaluating the microvascular perfusion in STEMI patients after revascularization. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022 May 13;22(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12872-022-02648-z.
• Background Chen S, Coronel R, Hollmann MW, Weber NC, Zuurbier CJ. Direct cardiac effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2022 Mar 18;21(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01480-1.
• Background McIlwain DR, Berger T, Mak TW. Caspase functions in cell death and disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Apr 1;7(4):a026716. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026716. No abstract available.
• Background Teringova E, Tousek P. Apoptosis in ischemic heart disease. J Transl Med. 2017 May 1;15(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1191-y.

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