The Effect of Intraperitoneal Instillation of Bupivacaine on Postoperative Pain After Surgical Laparoscopy

Summary

Pain after surgical laparoscopy is due to various causes, such as : trocar insertion stimulating somatic pain receptors in the skin ,chemical irritation of peritoneal nerves due to abdominal distension by CO2 which is transformed into carbonic acid in nerves, distention secondary to pneumoperitoneum causes mechanical irritation of visceral and parietal nerves of the peritoneum, furthermore the surgical intervention causing injury and inflammation of the tissues, spillage of blood or serous fluid causing more irritation to the visceral and parietal nerves of the peritoneum which leads to visceral dull aching pain referred mainly to the distribution of the nerve dermatomal area. Unfortunately, pain is the major complaint of the patients, thus making its evaluation a fundamental requisite in the outcome assessment in our practice. Pain intensity, duration and related disability are the aspects that define pain and its effects. For each of these aspects, different assessment tools exist. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) consists of a straight line with the endpoints defining extreme limits such as 'no pain at all' and 'pain as bad as it could be' The patient is asked to mark his pain level on the line between the two endpoints. There are numerous interventions that are associated with reduction in the incidence, severity or both of pain or a reduction in analgesia requirements for women having surgical laparoscopy for gynecological purposes. Bupivacaine, is a local anesthetic. In nerve blocks, it is injected around the nerve that supplies a certain area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space, bupivacaine binds to the intracellular portion of voltage-gated sodium channels and blocks sodium influx into nerve cells, which prevents depolarization. Without depolarization, no initiation or conduction of a pain signal can occur. Hence the idea of our study is to instill bupivacaine in a certain concentration in the peritoneal cavity in an attempt to reduce postoperative pain after surgical laparoscopy for gynecological purposes that will inflect certainly on patient's hospital stay and mobility.

Timeline

Start

2023-06-01

Primary completion

2024-09-15

Completion

2024-09-15

Publications

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• Background Cunningham TK, Draper H, Bexhell H, Allgar V, Allen J, Mikl D, Phillips K. A double-blinded randomised controlled study to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal levobupivacaine on post laparoscopic pain. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2020 Oct 8;12(3):155-161.
• Background Haefeli M, Elfering A. Pain assessment. Eur Spine J. 2006 Jan;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S17-24. doi: 10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x. Epub 2005 Dec 1.
• Background Adlan ASA, Azhary JMK, Tarmidzi HZM, Kamarudin M, Lim RCS, Ng DSW. Post Laparoscopy Pain Reduction Project I (POLYPREP I): intraperitoneal normal saline instillation-a randomised controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2022 Apr 12;22(1):116. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01696-z.
• Background Sao CH, Chan-Tiopianco M, Chung KC, Chen YJ, Horng HC, Lee WL, Wang PH. Pain after laparoscopic surgery: Focus on shoulder-tip pain after gynecological laparoscopic surgery. J Chin Med Assoc. 2019 Nov;82(11):819-826. doi: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000190.
• Background Kaloo P, Armstrong S, Kaloo C, Jordan V. Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 30;1(1):CD011101. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011101.pub2.
• Background Jimenez Cruz J, Diebolder H, Dogan A, Mothes A, Rengsberger M, Hartmann M, Meissner W, Runnebaum IB. Combination of pre-emptive port-site and intraoperative intraperitoneal ropivacaine for reduction of postoperative pain: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Aug;179:11-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.05.001. Epub 2014 May 13.
• Background Arden D, Seifert E, Donnellan N, Guido R, Lee T, Mansuria S. Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine for reduction of postoperative pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2013 Sep-Oct;20(5):620-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.03.012. Epub 2013 May 22.
• Background Manjunath AP, Chhabra N, Girija S, Nair S. Pain relief in laparoscopic tubal ligation using intraperitoneal lignocaine: a double masked randomized controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Nov;165(1):110-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.06.035. Epub 2012 Jul 21.
• Background Marks JL, Ata B, Tulandi T. Systematic review and metaanalysis of intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics for reduction of pain after gynecologic laparoscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2012 Sep-Oct;19(5):545-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.04.002. Epub 2012 Jul 3.
• Background Malhotra N, Chanana C, Roy KK, Kumar S, Rewari V, Sharma JB. To compare the efficacy of two doses of intraperitoneal bupivacaine for pain relief after operative laparoscopy in gynecology. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007 Oct;276(4):323-6. doi: 10.1007/s00404-007-0337-1. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
• Background Chou YJ, Ou YC, Lan KC, Jawan B, Chang SY, Kung FT. Preemptive analgesia installation during gynecologic laparoscopy: a randomized trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2005 Jul-Aug;12(4):330-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2005.05.005.
• Background Buck L, Varras MN, Miskry T, Ruston J, Magos A. Intraperitoneal bupivacaine for the reduction of postoperative pain following operative laparoscopy: a pilot study and review of the literature. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004 Jun;24(4):448-51. doi: 10.1080/01443610410001685637.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.