Effect of Over-the-counter Analgesics on Postoperative Pain

Summary

In 2011, a randomized controlled trial compared acetaminophen, acetaminophen + ibuprofen, and acetaminophen + codeine for post-operative pain relief after Mohs surgery. In this study, the combination of acetaminophen + ibuprofen was shown to be superior to the other treatment groups at controlling postoperative pain. The study also detailed the timing at which patients experienced pain after cutaneous reconstruction, with peak pain scores occurring at 4 hours post-op for all three groups. Since its publication, the as needed dosage of acetaminophen alternated with ibuprofen has become the standard of care for most patients undergoing cutaneous reconstructive surgery. Additionally, studies from multiple disciplines including cutaneous surgery, emergency medicine, otolaryngology and obstetrics have found that use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories pose no greater incidence of side effects. Given that peak pain levels occur approximately four hours after cutaneous reconstruction, likely due to the cessation of lidocaine or other local numbing medications, patients may benefit from additional pain relief during this critical time period. However, it is standard practice to start acetaminophen and ibuprofen only as needed when pain begins. Further, given the short half-life of ibuprofen (2 hours), it is unlikely that this medication taken in the immediate postoperative period would be of benefit at the four hour time mark. Therefore, we theorize that the one-time dosage of a long-acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory taken upon completion of cutaneous surgery may be superior to the as needed dosing of acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

Timeline

Start

2022-12-22

Primary completion

2023-06-30

Completion

2023-06-30

Publications

• Background Watson H, Hildebolt C, Rowland K. Pain Relief with Combination Acetaminophen/Codeine or Ibuprofen following Third-Molar Extraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Med. 2022 May 30;23(6):1176-1185. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab334.
• Background Sniezek PJ, Brodland DG, Zitelli JA. A randomized controlled trial comparing acetaminophen, acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and acetaminophen and codeine for postoperative pain relief after Mohs surgery and cutaneous reconstruction. Dermatol Surg. 2011 Jul;37(7):1007-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02022.x. Epub 2011 May 11.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.