Does Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Early Dual Therapy Improve Outcomes?

Summary

The goal of this open-label, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial is to learn if patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) given the intervention of early dual intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy will decrease duration of bacteremia (\< 6 days) and improve outcomes compared to single IV antibiotic therapy. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * To decrease SAB duration and improve outcomes by using early dual vs. single agent IV antibiotic therapy * To accelerate practice transformation of earlier IV to oral (PO) antibiotic transition by switching to PO antibiotic therapy once blood cultures are negative at 72 hours Participants will be asked to agree to be randomized (like flipping a coin) to receive two or one IV antibiotic(s). Once the infection has cleared, the treatment will be changed to PO antibiotics. As part of usual care, participants will have weekly lab tests for monitoring while on antibiotics, receive a telephone call to see how the participants are doing, and follow up in person or by telephone or video in Infectious Diseases (ID) Clinic. Participant participation will last 12 weeks after the participant is discharged from the hospital.

Timeline

Start

2025-09-15

Primary completion

2027-07

Completion

2027-07

Publications

• Background Kim M, Ranganath N, Chesdachai S, Stevens RW, Sohail MR, Abu Saleh OM. Which trial do we need? Combination therapy with daptomycin plus ceftaroline versus standard-of-care monotherapy in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2025 Jan;31(1):18-21. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.011. Epub 2024 Sep 7. No abstract available.
• Background Juskowich JJ, Thompson JM, Bage SD, Palmateer KM, Guilfoose JA, Lastinger AM, Smith CL, Arcega VA, Stanley JE, Summerfield HM, Fisher-Duda C, Nepal M, Wen S, Sarwari AR. Using the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial to Influence Institutional Practice Transformation Towards Earlier Transition to Oral Antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis. 2026 Apr 30;82(4):e674-e681. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaf707.
• Background Juskowich JJ, Thompson JM, Guilfoose JG, et al. P-106. Preliminary Results of the Comparing Oral versus Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (COPAT) Clinical Trial. Open Forum Infect Dis 2025;12(1):S197-198.
• Background Juskowich JJ, Thompson JM, Sarwari AR. 333. How the COVID-19 Pandemic Accelerated Development of our Complex Outpatient Oral Antimicrobial Therapy (COpAT) Program. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023;10(2):S212.
• Background Juskowich JJ, Ward A, Spigelmyer AE, et al. 1002. Complex Outpatient Antimicrobial Therapy (COpAT) Program at a Rural Academic Medical Center: Evaluation of First 100 Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022;9(2):S418-S419.
• Background Kaasch AJ, Lopez-Cortes LE, Rodriguez-Bano J, Cisneros JM, Dolores Navarro M, Fatkenheuer G, Jung N, Rieg S, Lepeule R, Coutte L, Bernard L, Lemaignen A, Kosters K, MacKenzie CR, Soriano A, Hagel S, Fantin B, Lafaurie M, Talarmin JP, Dinh A, Guimard T, Boutoille D, Welte T, Reuter S, Kluytmans J, Martin ML, Forestier E, Stocker H, Vitrat V, Tattevin P, Rommerskirchen A, Noret M, Adams A, Kern WV, Hellmich M, Seifert H; SABATO study group. Efficacy and safety of an early oral switch in low-risk Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SABATO): an international, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024 May;24(5):523-534. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00756-9. Epub 2024 Jan 17.
• Background Kaasch AJ, Barlow G, Edgeworth JD, Fowler VG Jr, Hellmich M, Hopkins S, Kern WV, Llewelyn MJ, Rieg S, Rodriguez-Bano J, Scarborough M, Seifert H, Soriano A, Tilley R, Torok ME, Weiss V, Wilson AP, Thwaites GE; ISAC, INSTINCT, SABG, UKCIRG, and Colleagues. Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: a pooled analysis of five prospective, observational studies. J Infect. 2014 Mar;68(3):242-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Nov 16.
• Background Li HK, Rombach I, Zambellas R, Walker AS, McNally MA, Atkins BL, Lipsky BA, Hughes HC, Bose D, Kumin M, Scarborough C, Matthews PC, Brent AJ, Lomas J, Gundle R, Rogers M, Taylor A, Angus B, Byren I, Berendt AR, Warren S, Fitzgerald FE, Mack DJF, Hopkins S, Folb J, Reynolds HE, Moore E, Marshall J, Jenkins N, Moran CE, Woodhouse AF, Stafford S, Seaton RA, Vallance C, Hemsley CJ, Bisnauthsing K, Sandoe JAT, Aggarwal I, Ellis SC, Bunn DJ, Sutherland RK, Barlow G, Cooper C, Geue C, McMeekin N, Briggs AH, Sendi P, Khatamzas E, Wangrangsimakul T, Wong THN, Barrett LK, Alvand A, Old CF, Bostock J, Paul J, Cooke G, Thwaites GE, Bejon P, Scarborough M; OVIVA Trial Collaborators. Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infection. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):425-436. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1710926.
• Background Comba IY, Go JR, Vaillant J, O'Horo JC, Stevens RW, Palraj R, Abu Saleh O. Sequential Time to Positivity as a Prognostic Indicator in Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 21;11(4):ofae173. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofae173. eCollection 2024 Apr.
• Background Cao Y, Guimaraes AO, Peck MC, Mayba O, Ruffin F, Hong K, Carrasco-Triguero M, Fowler VG Jr, Maskarinec SA, Rosenberger CM. Risk stratification biomarkers for Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Clin Transl Immunology. 2020 Feb 13;9(2):e1110. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1110. eCollection 2020.
• Background Bai AD, Lo CKL, Komorowski AS, Suresh M, Guo K, Garg A, Tandon P, Senecal J, Del Corpo O, Stefanova I, Fogarty C, Butler-Laporte G, McDonald EG, Cheng MP, Morris AM, Loeb M, Lee TC. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022 Aug;28(8):1076-1084. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.03.015. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
• Background Honda H, Krauss MJ, Jones JC, Olsen MA, Warren DK. The value of infectious diseases consultation in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Am J Med. 2010 Jul;123(7):631-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.01.015. Epub 2010 May 20.
• Background Iversen K, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, Madsen T, Elming H, Jensen KT, Bruun NE, Hofsten DE, Fursted K, Christensen JJ, Schultz M, Klein CF, Fosboll EL, Rosenvinge F, Schonheyder HC, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Helweg-Larsen J, Tonder N, Moser C, Bundgaard H. Partial Oral versus Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment of Endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 31;380(5):415-424. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808312. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
• Background Liu C, Bayer A, Cosgrove SE, Daum RS, Fridkin SK, Gorwitz RJ, Kaplan SL, Karchmer AW, Levine DP, Murray BE, J Rybak M, Talan DA, Chambers HF; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb 1;52(3):e18-55. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciq146. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
• Background Liu C, Strnad L, Beekmann SE, Polgreen PM, Chambers HF. Clinical Practice Variation Among Adult Infectious Disease Physicians in the Management of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 18;69(3):530-533. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy1144.
• Background Minejima E, Mai N, Bui N, Mert M, Mack WJ, She RC, Nieberg P, Spellberg B, Wong-Beringer A. Defining the Breakpoint Duration of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Predictive of Poor Outcomes. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Feb 3;70(4):566-573. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz257.
• Background Mourad A, Nwafo N, Skalla L, Holland TL, Jenkins TC. Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia or Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Controlled Trials. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 5;80(1):29-36. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae476.
• Background Pries-Heje MM, Wiingaard C, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, Bruun NE, Elming H, Povlsen JA, Madsen T, Jensen KT, Fursted K, Schultz M, Ostergaard L, Christensen JJ, Christiansen U, Rosenvinge F, Helweg-Larsen J, Fosbol EL, Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, Tonder N, Moser C, Iversen K, Bundgaard H. Five-Year Outcomes of the Partial Oral Treatment of Endocarditis (POET) Trial. N Engl J Med. 2022 Feb 10;386(6):601-602. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2114046. No abstract available.
• Background Swets MC, Bakk Z, Westgeest AC, Berry K, Cooper G, Sim W, Lee RS, Gan TY, Donlon W, Besu A, Heppenstall E, Tysall L, Dewar S, de Boer M, Fowler VG Jr, Dockrell DH, Thwaites GE, Pujol M, Pallares N, Tebe C, Carratala J, Szubert A, Groeneveld GH, Russell CD. Clinical Subphenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Nov 22;79(5):1153-1161. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciae338.
• Background Percival KM. The Changing Landscape of OPAT to COpAT. Haelio: Infectious Diseases News. May 9, 2023. Accessed May 10, 2023.

Drugs

Indications