Apa/Enza-short Study: Shorter Treatment With Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibitor in Patients With Low-volume Metastatic Castration-sensitive Prostate Cancer

Summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the outcomes of a shorter treatment duration (12 months) with an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI), in this study Apalutamide or Enzalutamide, in patients with low-volume, hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer (mCSPC), with the possibility to restart treatment if needed. The main research question is whether discontinuation of ARPI therapy after 12 months, with the option to restart treatment upon disease progression, is non-inferior to continued ARPI therapy, potentially reducing toxicity and costs. Eligible patients will be randomized after completing 12 months of ARPI treatment, to one of the following two arms: 1. ADT + continued ARPI (Apalutamide or Enzalutamide) 2. ADT + ARPI discontinued after 12 months, with the option to resume ARPI in case of a confirmed PSA rise. The confirmatory PSA sample must be obtained at least 4 weeks after the initial rise. This study aims to minimize toxicity associated with prolonged use of ARPIs in patients with low-volume, hormone-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer.

Timeline

Start

2024-02-20

Primary completion

2027-11-30

Completion

2027-12

Publications

• Background Ian, D.D., et al., Updated overall survival outcomes in ENZAMET (ANZUP 1304), an international, cooperative group trial of enzalutamide in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2022. 40(17_suppl): p. LBA5004-LBA5004.
• Background Belic J, Koch M, Ulz P, Auer M, Gerhalter T, Mohan S, Fischereder K, Petru E, Bauernhofer T, Geigl JB, Speicher MR, Heitzer E. Rapid Identification of Plasma DNA Samples with Increased ctDNA Levels by a Modified FAST-SeqS Approach. Clin Chem. 2015 Jun;61(6):838-49. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.234286. Epub 2015 Apr 20.
• Background Angus L, Deger T, Jager A, Martens JWM, de Weerd V, van Heuvel I, van den Bent MJ, Sillevis Smitt PAE, Kros JM, Bindels EMJ, Heitzer E, Sleijfer S, Jongen JLM, Wilting SM. Detection of Aneuploidy in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Breast Cancer Can Improve Diagnosis of Leptomeningeal Metastases. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 May 15;27(10):2798-2806. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-3954. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
• Background Mendelaar PAJ, Robbrecht DGJ, Rijnders M, de Wit R, de Weerd V, Deger T, Westgeest HM, Aarts MJB, Voortman J, Martens JWM, van der Veldt AAM, Nakauma-Gonzalez JA, Wilting SM, Lolkema M. Genome-wide aneuploidy detected by mFast-SeqS in circulating cell-free DNA is associated with poor response to pembrolizumab in patients with advanced urothelial cancer. Mol Oncol. 2022 May;16(10):2086-2097. doi: 10.1002/1878-0261.13196. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
• Background Bettegowda C, Sausen M, Leary RJ, Kinde I, Wang Y, Agrawal N, Bartlett BR, Wang H, Luber B, Alani RM, Antonarakis ES, Azad NS, Bardelli A, Brem H, Cameron JL, Lee CC, Fecher LA, Gallia GL, Gibbs P, Le D, Giuntoli RL, Goggins M, Hogarty MD, Holdhoff M, Hong SM, Jiao Y, Juhl HH, Kim JJ, Siravegna G, Laheru DA, Lauricella C, Lim M, Lipson EJ, Marie SK, Netto GJ, Oliner KS, Olivi A, Olsson L, Riggins GJ, Sartore-Bianchi A, Schmidt K, Shih lM, Oba-Shinjo SM, Siena S, Theodorescu D, Tie J, Harkins TT, Veronese S, Wang TL, Weingart JD, Wolfgang CL, Wood LD, Xing D, Hruban RH, Wu J, Allen PJ, Schmidt CM, Choti MA, Velculescu VE, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Diaz LA Jr. Detection of circulating tumor DNA in early- and late-stage human malignancies. Sci Transl Med. 2014 Feb 19;6(224):224ra24. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007094.
• Background Vandekerkhove G, Struss WJ, Annala M, Kallio HML, Khalaf D, Warner EW, Herberts C, Ritch E, Beja K, Loktionova Y, Hurtado-Coll A, Fazli L, So A, Black PC, Nykter M, Tammela T, Chi KN, Gleave ME, Wyatt AW. Circulating Tumor DNA Abundance and Potential Utility in De Novo Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2019 Apr;75(4):667-675. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.12.042. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
• Background Evans CP, Higano CS, Keane T, Andriole G, Saad F, Iversen P, Miller K, Kim CS, Kimura G, Armstrong AJ, Sternberg CN, Loriot Y, de Bono J, Noonberg SB, Mansbach H, Bhattacharya S, Perabo F, Beer TM, Tombal B. The PREVAIL Study: Primary Outcomes by Site and Extent of Baseline Disease for Enzalutamide-treated Men with Chemotherapy-naive Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2016 Oct;70(4):675-683. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2016.03.017. Epub 2016 Mar 19.
• Background Nadal R, Taplin ME, Bellmunt J. Enzalutamide for the treatment of prostate cancer: results and implications of the AFFIRM trial. Future Oncol. 2014 Feb;10(3):351-62. doi: 10.2217/fon.13.275.
• Background Sternberg CN, Fizazi K, Saad F, Shore ND, De Giorgi U, Penson DF, Ferreira U, Efstathiou E, Madziarska K, Kolinsky MP, Cubero DIG, Noerby B, Zohren F, Lin X, Modelska K, Sugg J, Steinberg J, Hussain M; PROSPER Investigators. Enzalutamide and Survival in Nonmetastatic, Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jun 4;382(23):2197-2206. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2003892. Epub 2020 May 29.
• Background Smith MR, Saad F, Chowdhury S, Oudard S, Hadaschik BA, Graff JN, Olmos D, Mainwaring PN, Lee JY, Uemura H, Lopez-Gitlitz A, Trudel GC, Espina BM, Shu Y, Park YC, Rackoff WR, Yu MK, Small EJ; SPARTAN Investigators. Apalutamide Treatment and Metastasis-free Survival in Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018 Apr 12;378(15):1408-1418. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1715546. Epub 2018 Feb 8.
• Background Hussain M, Tangen CM, Berry DL, Higano CS, Crawford ED, Liu G, Wilding G, Prescott S, Kanaga Sundaram S, Small EJ, Dawson NA, Donnelly BJ, Venner PM, Vaishampayan UN, Schellhammer PF, Quinn DI, Raghavan D, Ely B, Moinpour CM, Vogelzang NJ, Thompson IM Jr. Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 4;368(14):1314-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1212299.
• Background Zhang J, Cunningham JJ, Brown JS, Gatenby RA. Integrating evolutionary dynamics into treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun. 2017 Nov 28;8(1):1816. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01968-5.
• Background James ND, de Bono JS, Spears MR, Clarke NW, Mason MD, Dearnaley DP, Ritchie AWS, Amos CL, Gilson C, Jones RJ, Matheson D, Millman R, Attard G, Chowdhury S, Cross WR, Gillessen S, Parker CC, Russell JM, Berthold DR, Brawley C, Adab F, Aung S, Birtle AJ, Bowen J, Brock S, Chakraborti P, Ferguson C, Gale J, Gray E, Hingorani M, Hoskin PJ, Lester JF, Malik ZI, McKinna F, McPhail N, Money-Kyrle J, O'Sullivan J, Parikh O, Protheroe A, Robinson A, Srihari NN, Thomas C, Wagstaff J, Wylie J, Zarkar A, Parmar MKB, Sydes MR; STAMPEDE Investigators. Abiraterone for Prostate Cancer Not Previously Treated with Hormone Therapy. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jul 27;377(4):338-351. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1702900. Epub 2017 Jun 3.
• Background Chi KN, Agarwal N, Bjartell A, Chung BH, Pereira de Santana Gomes AJ, Given R, Juarez Soto A, Merseburger AS, Ozguroglu M, Uemura H, Ye D, Deprince K, Naini V, Li J, Cheng S, Yu MK, Zhang K, Larsen JS, McCarthy S, Chowdhury S; TITAN Investigators. Apalutamide for Metastatic, Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jul 4;381(1):13-24. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1903307. Epub 2019 May 31.
• Background James ND, Sydes MR, Clarke NW, Mason MD, Dearnaley DP, Spears MR, Ritchie AW, Parker CC, Russell JM, Attard G, de Bono J, Cross W, Jones RJ, Thalmann G, Amos C, Matheson D, Millman R, Alzouebi M, Beesley S, Birtle AJ, Brock S, Cathomas R, Chakraborti P, Chowdhury S, Cook A, Elliott T, Gale J, Gibbs S, Graham JD, Hetherington J, Hughes R, Laing R, McKinna F, McLaren DB, O'Sullivan JM, Parikh O, Peedell C, Protheroe A, Robinson AJ, Srihari N, Srinivasan R, Staffurth J, Sundar S, Tolan S, Tsang D, Wagstaff J, Parmar MK; STAMPEDE investigators. Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 Mar 19;387(10024):1163-77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01037-5. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
• Background Kyriakopoulos CE, Chen YH, Carducci MA, Liu G, Jarrard DF, Hahn NM, Shevrin DH, Dreicer R, Hussain M, Eisenberger M, Kohli M, Plimack ER, Vogelzang NJ, Picus J, Cooney MM, Garcia JA, DiPaola RS, Sweeney CJ. Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Long-Term Survival Analysis of the Randomized Phase III E3805 CHAARTED Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Apr 10;36(11):1080-1087. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2017.75.3657. Epub 2018 Jan 31.

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