Intraperitoneal Ketamine Versus Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Summary

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the standard surgical treatment for gallbladder stones; however, the origin of pain after LC is multifactorial and complex in nature. Pain arising from incision sites is parietal pain, whereas pain from the gall bladder bed is mainly visceral in nature, and shoulder pain is mainly referred owing to the residual carbon dioxide irritating the diaphragm. Intraperitoneal administration of local anesthetics has been shown to improve postoperative pain control and reduce the need for systemic analgesics. The addition of adjuvant agents such as fentanyl or ketamine may further enhance analgesic efficacy. This randomized double-blind study aims to compare the effectiveness of intraperitoneal ketamine versus fentanyl as adjuvants to bupivacaine in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic requirements following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Timeline

Start

2026-08-01

Primary completion

2027-06-01

Completion

2027-09-01

Publications

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• Background Kuhry E, Jeekel J, Bonjer HJ. Effect of laparoscopy on the immune system. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2004 Mar;11(1):37-44. doi: 10.1177/107155170401100107.
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• Background Khodorova A, Navarro B, Jouaville LS, Murphy JE, Rice FL, Mazurkiewicz JE, Long-Woodward D, Stoffel M, Strichartz GR, Yukhananov R, Davar G. Endothelin-B receptor activation triggers an endogenous analgesic cascade at sites of peripheral injury. Nat Med. 2003 Aug;9(8):1055-61. doi: 10.1038/nm885. Epub 2003 Jun 29.
• Background E. E. F. Mohamed, K. M. Hassan, W. A. Aboelwafa, and I. M. Ahmed, "Analgesia for Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopic Surgery: Review Article," Egypt. J. Hosp. Med., vol. 87, no. 1, 2022, doi: 10.21608/ejhm.2022.229353.
• Background Laisalmi M, Koivusalo AM, Valta P, Tikkanen I, Lindgren L. Clonidine provides opioid-sparing effect, stable hemodynamics, and renal integrity during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 2001 Nov;15(11):1331-5. doi: 10.1007/s004640090126. Epub 2001 Aug 16.
• Background Narchi P, Benhamou D, Fernandez H. Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic for shoulder pain after day-case laparoscopy. Lancet. 1991 Dec 21-28;338(8782-8783):1569-70. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92384-e.
• Background Boddy AP, Mehta S, Rhodes M. The effect of intraperitoneal local anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006 Sep;103(3):682-8. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000226268.06279.5a.
• Background Hong E, Jeong DH, Kang HY, Choi JH, Park SW. The effect of preemptive intravenous ketamine on postoperative pain in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with intra-articular ropivacaine injection Anesth Pain Med. 2003;11:71-75
• Background Glick JL, Christensen T, Park JN, McKenzie M, Green TC, Sherman SG. Stakeholder perspectives on implementing fentanyl drug checking: Results from a multi-site study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2019 Jan 1;194:527-532. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.017. Epub 2018 Nov 13.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.