The Effect of Combined Ephedrine and Lidocaine Pretreatment on Pain and Hemodynamic Changes Due to Propofol Injection
Summary
Objectives: Injection pain and hypotension are two main adverse effects of propofol which distresses patient. The aim of this prospective double blind study was to compare the effect of ephedrine -lidocaine combination with lidocaine and ephedrine on injection pain and hemodynamic changes due to propofol induction. Methods: 165 adult patients, aged 20 to 60 yr, Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30microgram/kg (E30), ephedrine 70 microgram/kg(E70), lidocaine 0.5mg/kg -ephedrine 30 microgram/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S) intravenously. After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected. Face pain scale and verbal rating scale, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, just before intubation, and one minute after intubation
Timeline
- Start
- 2010-08
- Primary completion
- 2010-10
- Completion
- 2010-11
Drugs
| Evaluation | Drug | Modality | Dose | Route |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Comparator | Ephedrine | Small molecule | 30 ug/kg | Intravenous |
| Comparator | Ephedrine | Small molecule | 70 ug/kg | Intravenous |
| Comparator | Lidocaine | Other / unclassified | 0.5 mg/kg | Intravenous |
Indications
No indication recorded.