Pilot Study of Etoposide-based Therapy and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Summary

The investigators would like to propose a pilot study evaluating the efficacy of etoposide combined with immunosuppressive agents for adult secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), in order to prove out whether the modification of previous HLH-94 or HLH-2004 protocol for childhood patients can improve the outcome and decrease the toxicities. The results of this pilot study will be a base of a more-improved phase-2 protocol.

Timeline

Start

2012-03

Primary completion

2016-05

Completion

2016-05

Publications

• Background Felix FH, Leal LK, Fontenele JB. Cloak and dagger: the case for adult onset still disease and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Rheumatol Int. 2009 Jun;29(8):973-4. doi: 10.1007/s00296-008-0825-z. Epub 2008 Dec 30.
• Background Grom AA. Macrophage activation syndrome and reactive hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: the same entities? Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003 Sep;15(5):587-90. doi: 10.1097/00002281-200309000-00011.
• Background Chen JH, Fleming MD, Pinkus GS, Pinkus JL, Nichols KE, Mo JQ, Perez-Atayde AR. Pathology of the liver in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010 Jun;34(6):852-67. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181dbbb17.
• Background Ishii E, Ohga S, Imashuku S, Yasukawa M, Tsuda H, Miura I, Yamamoto K, Horiuchi H, Takada K, Ohshima K, Nakamura S, Kinukawa N, Oshimi K, Kawa K. Nationwide survey of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Japan. Int J Hematol. 2007 Jul;86(1):58-65. doi: 10.1532/IJH97.07012.
• Background Henter JI, Horne A, Arico M, Egeler RM, Filipovich AH, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, McClain K, Webb D, Winiarski J, Janka G. HLH-2004: Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Feb;48(2):124-31. doi: 10.1002/pbc.21039.
• Background Filipovich AH. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and related disorders. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2009:127-31. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.127.
• Background Gupta A, Tyrrell P, Valani R, Benseler S, Weitzman S, Abdelhaleem M. The role of the initial bone marrow aspirate in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Sep;51(3):402-4. doi: 10.1002/pbc.21564.
• Background Chung HJ, Park CJ, Lim JH, Jang S, Chi HS, Im HJ, Seo JJ. Establishment of a reference interval for natural killer cell activity through flow cytometry and its clinical application in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Int J Lab Hematol. 2010 Apr;32(2):239-47. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-553X.2009.01177.x. Epub 2009 Jul 15.
• Background Allen CE, Yu X, Kozinetz CA, McClain KL. Highly elevated ferritin levels and the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2008 Jun;50(6):1227-35. doi: 10.1002/pbc.21423.
• Background Lin TF, Ferlic-Stark LL, Allen CE, Kozinetz CA, McClain KL. Rate of decline of ferritin in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis as a prognostic variable for mortality. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011 Jan;56(1):154-5. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22774.
• Background Gholam C, Grigoriadou S, Gilmour KC, Gaspar HB. Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: advances in the genetic basis, diagnosis and management. Clin Exp Immunol. 2011 Mar;163(3):271-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04302.x.
• Background Horne A, Ramme KG, Rudd E, Zheng C, Wali Y, al-Lamki Z, Gurgey A, Yalman N, Nordenskjold M, Henter JI. Characterization of PRF1, STX11 and UNC13D genotype-phenotype correlations in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2008 Oct;143(1):75-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07315.x. Epub 2008 Aug 15.
• Background Marsh RA, Satake N, Biroschak J, Jacobs T, Johnson J, Jordan MB, Bleesing JJ, Filipovich AH, Zhang K. STX11 mutations and clinical phenotypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in North America. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Jul 15;55(1):134-40. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22499.
• Background Meeths M, Entesarian M, Al-Herz W, Chiang SC, Wood SM, Al-Ateeqi W, Almazan F, Boelens JJ, Hasle H, Ifversen M, Lund B, van den Berg JM, Gustafsson B, Hjelmqvist H, Nordenskjold M, Bryceson YT, Henter JI. Spectrum of clinical presentations in familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 patients with mutations in STXBP2. Blood. 2010 Oct 14;116(15):2635-43. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-05-282541. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
• Background Yoon HS, Kim HJ, Yoo KH, Sung KW, Koo HH, Kang HJ, Shin HY, Ahn HS, Kim JY, Lim YT, Bae KW, Lee KO, Shin JS, Lee ST, Chung HS, Kim SH, Park CJ, Chi HS, Im HJ, Seo JJ. UNC13D is the predominant causative gene with recurrent splicing mutations in Korean patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Haematologica. 2010 Apr;95(4):622-6. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2009.016949. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
• Background Arico M, Danesino C, Pende D, Moretta L. Pathogenesis of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2001 Sep;114(4):761-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02936.x. No abstract available.
• Background Feldmann J, Callebaut I, Raposo G, Certain S, Bacq D, Dumont C, Lambert N, Ouachee-Chardin M, Chedeville G, Tamary H, Minard-Colin V, Vilmer E, Blanche S, Le Deist F, Fischer A, de Saint Basile G. Munc13-4 is essential for cytolytic granules fusion and is mutated in a form of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL3). Cell. 2003 Nov 14;115(4):461-73. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00855-9.
• Background Sieni E, Cetica V, Santoro A, Beutel K, Mastrodicasa E, Meeths M, Ciambotti B, Brugnolo F, zur Stadt U, Pende D, Moretta L, Griffiths GM, Henter JI, Janka G, Arico M. Genotype-phenotype study of familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 3. J Med Genet. 2011 May;48(5):343-52. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2010.085456. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
• Background Chang YH, Lee DS, Jo HS, Cho SI, Yoon HJ, Shin S, Yoon JH, Kim HY, Hong YJ, Hong SI, Cho HI. Tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism associated with increased susceptibility to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the Korean population. Cytokine. 2006 Oct;36(1-2):45-50. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.10.010. Epub 2006 Dec 12.
• Background Ishii E, Ueda I, Shirakawa R, Yamamoto K, Horiuchi H, Ohga S, Furuno K, Morimoto A, Imayoshi M, Ogata Y, Zaitsu M, Sako M, Koike K, Sakata A, Takada H, Hara T, Imashuku S, Sasazuki T, Yasukawa M. Genetic subtypes of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: correlations with clinical features and cytotoxic T lymphocyte/natural killer cell functions. Blood. 2005 May 1;105(9):3442-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3296. Epub 2005 Jan 4.
• Background Zhang K, Jordan MB, Marsh RA, Johnson JA, Kissell D, Meller J, Villanueva J, Risma KA, Wei Q, Klein PS, Filipovich AH. Hypomorphic mutations in PRF1, MUNC13-4, and STXBP2 are associated with adult-onset familial HLH. Blood. 2011 Nov 24;118(22):5794-8. doi: 10.1182/blood-2011-07-370148. Epub 2011 Aug 31.
• Background Sumegi J, Barnes MG, Nestheide SV, Molleran-Lee S, Villanueva J, Zhang K, Risma KA, Grom AA, Filipovich AH. Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with active hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood. 2011 Apr 14;117(15):e151-60. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-08-300046. Epub 2011 Feb 16.
• Background Imashuku S, Tabata Y, Teramura T, Hibi S. Treatment strategies for Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH). Leuk Lymphoma. 2000 Sep;39(1-2):37-49. doi: 10.3109/10428190009053537.
• Background Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Teramura T, Ishii E, Kinugawa N, Kato M, Sako M, Hibi S. Requirement for etoposide in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Oncol. 2001 May 15;19(10):2665-73. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2001.19.10.2665.
• Background Henter JI, Samuelsson-Horne A, Arico M, Egeler RM, Elinder G, Filipovich AH, Gadner H, Imashuku S, Komp D, Ladisch S, Webb D, Janka G; Histocyte Society. Treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with HLH-94 immunochemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. Blood. 2002 Oct 1;100(7):2367-73. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-01-0172.
• Background Ohga S, Kudo K, Ishii E, Honjo S, Morimoto A, Osugi Y, Sawada A, Inoue M, Tabuchi K, Suzuki N, Ishida Y, Imashuku S, Kato S, Hara T. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Japan. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Feb;54(2):299-306. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22310.
• Background Cooper N, Rao K, Gilmour K, Hadad L, Adams S, Cale C, Davies G, Webb D, Veys P, Amrolia P. Stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood. 2006 Feb 1;107(3):1233-6. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-05-1819. Epub 2005 Oct 11.
• Background Marsh RA, Vaughn G, Kim MO, Li D, Jodele S, Joshi S, Mehta PA, Davies SM, Jordan MB, Bleesing JJ, Filipovich AH. Reduced-intensity conditioning significantly improves survival of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood. 2010 Dec 23;116(26):5824-31. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-282392. Epub 2010 Sep 20.
• Background Durken M, Horstmann M, Bieling P, Erttmann R, Kabisch H, Loliger C, Schneider EM, Hellwege HH, Kruger W, Kroger N, Zander AR, Janka GE. Improved outcome in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after bone marrow transplantation from related and unrelated donors: a single-centre experience of 12 patients. Br J Haematol. 1999 Sep;106(4):1052-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01625.x.
• Background Jabado N, de Graeff-Meeder ER, Cavazzana-Calvo M, Haddad E, Le Deist F, Benkerrou M, Dufourcq R, Caillat S, Blanche S, Fischer A. Treatment of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with bone marrow transplantation from HLA genetically nonidentical donors. Blood. 1997 Dec 15;90(12):4743-8.
• Background Horne A, Janka G, Maarten Egeler R, Gadner H, Imashuku S, Ladisch S, Locatelli F, Montgomery SM, Webb D, Winiarski J, Filipovich AH, Henter JI; Histiocyte Society. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(5):622-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05501.x.
• Background Janka GE. Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Eur J Pediatr. 1983 Jun-Jul;140(3):221-30. doi: 10.1007/BF00443367.
• Background Cesaro S, Locatelli F, Lanino E, Porta F, Di Maio L, Messina C, Prete A, Ripaldi M, Maximova N, Giorgiani G, Rondelli R, Arico M, Fagioli F. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a retrospective analysis of data from the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology Oncology (AIEOP). Haematologica. 2008 Nov;93(11):1694-701. doi: 10.3324/haematol.13142. Epub 2008 Sep 2.
• Background Filipovich AH. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and related disorders. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Dec;6(6):410-5. doi: 10.1097/01.all.0000246626.57118.d9.
• Background Haddad E, Sulis ML, Jabado N, Blanche S, Fischer A, Tardieu M. Frequency and severity of central nervous system lesions in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood. 1997 Feb 1;89(3):794-800.
• Background Jordan MB, Filipovich AH. Hematopoietic cell transplantation for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single (big) step. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008 Oct;42(7):433-7. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2008.232. Epub 2008 Aug 4.
• Background Imashuku S, Kuriyama K, Sakai R, Nakao Y, Masuda S, Yasuda N, Kawano F, Yakushijin K, Miyagawa A, Nakao T, Teramura T, Tabata Y, Morimoto A, Hibi S. Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) in young adults: a report from the HLH study center. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003 Aug;41(2):103-9. doi: 10.1002/mpo.10314.
• Background Tseng YT, Sheng WH, Lin BH, Lin CW, Wang JT, Chen YC, Chang SC. Causes, clinical symptoms, and outcomes of infectious diseases associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in Taiwanese adults. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2011 Jun;44(3):191-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.01.027. Epub 2011 Jan 20.
• Background Park HS, Kim DY, Lee JH, Lee JH, Kim SD, Park YH, Lee JS, Kim BY, Jeon M, Kang YA, Lee YS, Seol M, Lee YJ, Lim YS, Jang S, Park CJ, Chi HS, Lee KH. Clinical features of adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis from causes other than lymphoma: an analysis of treatment outcome and prognostic factors. Ann Hematol. 2012 Jun;91(6):897-904. doi: 10.1007/s00277-011-1380-3. Epub 2011 Dec 8.
• Background Imashuku S. Treatment of Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH); update 2010. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2011 Jan;33(1):35-9. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181f84a52.
• Background Shin HJ, Chung JS, Lee JJ, Sohn SK, Choi YJ, Kim YK, Yang DH, Kim HJ, Kim JG, Joo YD, Lee WS, Sohn CH, Lee EY, Cho GJ. Treatment outcomes with CHOP chemotherapy in adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. J Korean Med Sci. 2008 Jun;23(3):439-44. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.3.439.
• Background Jin YK, Xie ZD, Yang S, Lu G, Shen KL. Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a retrospective study of 78 pediatric cases in mainland of China. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010 Jun;123(11):1426-30.
• Background Raschke RA, Garcia-Orr R. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a potentially underrecognized association with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, severe sepsis, and septic shock in adults. Chest. 2011 Oct;140(4):933-938. doi: 10.1378/chest.11-0619. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
• Background Belyea B, Hinson A, Moran C, Hwang E, Heath J, Barfield R. Spontaneous resolution of Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2010 Oct;55(4):754-6. doi: 10.1002/pbc.22618.
• Background Gupta AA, Tyrrell P, Valani R, Benseler S, Abdelhaleem M, Weitzman S. Experience with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome at a single institution. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2009 Feb;31(2):81-4. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e3181923cb4.
• Background Imashuku S, Hibi S, Sako M, Ishida Y, Mugishima H, Chen J, Tsunematsu Y. Soluble interleukin-2 receptor: a useful prognostic factor for patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood. 1995 Dec 15;86(12):4706-7. No abstract available.
• Background Mahlaoui N, Ouachee-Chardin M, de Saint Basile G, Neven B, Picard C, Blanche S, Fischer A. Immunotherapy of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with antithymocyte globulins: a single-center retrospective report of 38 patients. Pediatrics. 2007 Sep;120(3):e622-8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-3164. Epub 2007 Aug 14.

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