XENITH: Rivaroxaban for Pulmonary Embolism Managed With Catheter Directed Thrombolysis

Summary

The trial is an open-label, randomized, trial examining novel biomarkers of thrombosis in patients managed with rivaroxaban vs. standard care following treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) with catheter-guided alteplase. Patients \>18 years old who present with PE and are managed with catheter-guided alteplase will be screened for study inclusion. Patient's meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria will undergo informed consent. Immediately following completion of alteplase infusion, patients will be randomized to receipt of rivaroxaban 15 mg oral bid for 21 days followed by 20mg oral daily or continuation on unfractioned heparin or low-molecular weight heparin with initiation of warfarin adjusted to INR of 2-3. Blood samples will be taken within 2 hours of CDT completion prior to receipt of study treatment (study day 1), at 8h-12h, 24h, 48h, 5d (or prior to hospital discharge), and at 30 day follow-up. Clinical endpoints, including bleeding, evidence of thrombosis progression, and death will be tracked during index hospitalization and at follow-up 30 days post-discharge.

Timeline

Start

2015-07

Primary completion

2016-06-29

Completion

2016-06-29

Publications

• Background Dahlback B. Advances in understanding pathogenic mechanisms of thrombophilic disorders. Blood. 2008 Jul 1;112(1):19-27. doi: 10.1182/blood-2008-01-077909.
• Background Smith SA, Mutch NJ, Baskar D, Rohloff P, Docampo R, Morrissey JH. Polyphosphate modulates blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 24;103(4):903-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507195103. Epub 2006 Jan 12.
• Background Smith SA, Choi SH, Collins JN, Travers RJ, Cooley BC, Morrissey JH. Inhibition of polyphosphate as a novel strategy for preventing thrombosis and inflammation. Blood. 2012 Dec 20;120(26):5103-10. doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-07-444935. Epub 2012 Sep 11.
• Background Lopez JA, Kearon C, Lee AY. Deep venous thrombosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2004:439-56. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2004.1.439.
• Background Zhou J, May L, Liao P, Gross PL, Weitz JI. Inferior vena cava ligation rapidly induces tissue factor expression and venous thrombosis in rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Jun;29(6):863-9. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.185678. Epub 2009 Mar 5.
• Background Bugert P, Pabinger I, Stamer K, Vormittag R, Skeate RC, Wahi MM, Panzer S. The risk for thromboembolic disease in lupus anticoagulant patients due to pathways involving P-selectin and CD154. Thromb Haemost. 2007 Apr;97(4):573-80.
• Background von Bruhl ML, Stark K, Steinhart A, Chandraratne S, Konrad I, Lorenz M, Khandoga A, Tirniceriu A, Coletti R, Kollnberger M, Byrne RA, Laitinen I, Walch A, Brill A, Pfeiler S, Manukyan D, Braun S, Lange P, Riegger J, Ware J, Eckart A, Haidari S, Rudelius M, Schulz C, Echtler K, Brinkmann V, Schwaiger M, Preissner KT, Wagner DD, Mackman N, Engelmann B, Massberg S. Monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in vivo. J Exp Med. 2012 Apr 9;209(4):819-35. doi: 10.1084/jem.20112322. Epub 2012 Mar 26.
• Background Ramacciotti E, Myers DD Jr, Wrobleski SK, Deatrick KB, Londy FJ, Rectenwald JE, Henke PK, Schaub RG, Wakefield TW. P-selectin/ PSGL-1 inhibitors versus enoxaparin in the resolution of venous thrombosis: a meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2010 Apr;125(4):e138-42. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2009.10.022. Epub 2009 Dec 4.
• Background Fuchs TA, Brill A, Wagner DD. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) impact on deep vein thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012 Aug;32(8):1777-83. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.111.242859. Epub 2012 May 31.
• Background Fuchs TA, Brill A, Duerschmied D, Schatzberg D, Monestier M, Myers DD Jr, Wrobleski SK, Wakefield TW, Hartwig JH, Wagner DD. Extracellular DNA traps promote thrombosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 7;107(36):15880-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005743107. Epub 2010 Aug 23.
• Background Brill A, Fuchs TA, Savchenko AS, Thomas GM, Martinod K, De Meyer SF, Bhandari AA, Wagner DD. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote deep vein thrombosis in mice. J Thromb Haemost. 2012 Jan;10(1):136-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04544.x.
• Background Longstaff C, Varju I, Sotonyi P, Szabo L, Krumrey M, Hoell A, Bota A, Varga Z, Komorowicz E, Kolev K. Mechanical stability and fibrinolytic resistance of clots containing fibrin, DNA, and histones. J Biol Chem. 2013 Mar 8;288(10):6946-56. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.404301. Epub 2013 Jan 4.
• Background Bain J, Oyler DR, Smyth SS, Macaulay TE. Pathophysiology and pharmacologic treatment of venous thromboembolism. Curr Drug Targets. 2014 Feb;15(2):199-209. doi: 10.2174/13894501113146660226.
• Background Kucher N, Boekstegers P, Muller OJ, Kupatt C, Beyer-Westendorf J, Heitzer T, Tebbe U, Horstkotte J, Muller R, Blessing E, Greif M, Lange P, Hoffmann RT, Werth S, Barmeyer A, Hartel D, Grunwald H, Empen K, Baumgartner I. Randomized, controlled trial of ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism. Circulation. 2014 Jan 28;129(4):479-86. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005544. Epub 2013 Nov 13.

Drugs

Indications