First Line Antimicrobials in Children With Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition

Summary

Children with severe malnutrition who are admitted sick to hospitals have a high mortality(death rate), usually because of infection. All children with severe malnutrition admitted to hospitals are treated with antibiotics(medication used to kill bacteria). However, the current antibiotics used in hospitals may not be the most effective. It is possible that the antibiotics that are currently used after initial antibiotics should be used first. No studies have been carried out to determine if the current antibiotics used for treating malnourished children who are sick and admitted in hospital are the most appropriate. The aim of this study is to find out if a changed antibiotic system for children with malnutrition is safe, reduces the risk of death and improves nutritional recovery.

Timeline

Start

2017-09-04

Primary completion

2020-01-31

Completion

2020-12-31

Publications

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• Background Ignatius R, Gahutu JB, Klotz C, Steininger C, Shyirambere C, Lyng M, Musemakweri A, Aebischer T, Martus P, Harms G, Mockenhaupt FP. High prevalence of Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B infection and association with underweight in Rwandan children. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(6):e1677. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001677. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
• Background Heikens GT, Schofield WN, Christie CD, Gernay J, Dawson S. The Kingston Project. III. The effects of high energy supplement and metronidazole on malnourished children rehabilitated in the community: morbidity and growth. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1993 Mar;47(3):174-91.
• Background Dubray C, Ibrahim SA, Abdelmutalib M, Guerin PJ, Dantoine F, Belanger F, Legros D, Pinoges L, Brown V. Treatment of severe malnutrition with 2-day intramuscular ceftriaxone vs 5-day amoxicillin. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2008 Mar;28(1):13-22. doi: 10.1179/146532808X270635.
• Background Berkley JA, Ngari M, Thitiri J, Mwalekwa L, Timbwa M, Hamid F, Ali R, Shangala J, Mturi N, Jones KD, Alphan H, Mutai B, Bandika V, Hemed T, Awuondo K, Morpeth S, Kariuki S, Fegan G. Daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis to prevent mortality in children with complicated severe acute malnutrition: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Jul;4(7):e464-73. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30096-1. Epub 2016 Jun 2.
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• Background Standing JF, Ongas MO, Ogwang C, Kagwanja N, Murunga S, Mwaringa S, Ali R, Mturi N, Timbwa M, Manyasi C, Mwalekwa L, Bandika VL, Ogutu B, Waichungo J, Kipper K, Berkley JA; FLACSAM-PK Study Group. Dosing of Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole for Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Dec;104(6):1165-1174. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1078. Epub 2018 Apr 19.
• Background Ongas M, Standing J, Ogutu B, Waichungo J, Berkley JA, Kipper K. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous quantitation of ceftriaxone, metronidazole and hydroxymetronidazole in plasma from seriously ill, severely malnourished children. Wellcome Open Res. 2017 Jun 19;2:43. doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11728.2. eCollection 2017.
• Background Williams PCM, Berkley JA. Guidelines for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition: a systematic review of the evidence for antimicrobial therapy. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2018 Nov;38(sup1):S32-S49. doi: 10.1080/20469047.2017.1409453.
• Background Williams PCM, Isaacs D, Berkley JA. Antimicrobial resistance among children in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Feb;18(2):e33-e44. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30467-X. Epub 2017 Oct 9.

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Indications