Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthesia in Quadratus Lumborum Block After Cesarean Delivery

Summary

Postoperative pain is considered one of the major problems after abdominal operations, so proper pain control is one of the main issues in clinical practice. Cesarean section (CS.) is one of the most common abdominal surgeries and the use of CS. worldwide has increased to unprecedented levels. Effective postoperative analgesia enhances early recovery of the delivered mother, early ambulation, breast feeding and decreases the risk of postoperative thromboembolism. Therefore, Opioids are prescribed routinely for postoperative pain control, but they have many adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, excessive sedation, dizziness, respiratory depression, and addiction, so it is important to practice alternative opioid sparing analgesic approaches. Recently, QL block is considered one of the perioperative pain management techniques used in patients undergoing various pelvi-abdominal surgeries. Quadratus Lumborum block inhibits both pain components (somatic and visceral) as a result of local anesthetic spread to the paravertebral spaceA study has been published comparing the analgesic efficacy between QLB and TAP block after cesarean section and proved that QL block II is more effective than TAP Block regarding pain relief and duration of action after CS. Also, Many studies have been published and prove that Combination of adjuvants like (fentanyl, clonidine and MgSo4,etc.) to local anesthetics agents helps in prolonging the analgesic effect and decrease 24hours opiate consumption.one of these adjuvants which used extensively in the regional techniques is dexmedetomidine, which is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. The optimal dosage of dexmedetomidine to be added to local anesthetics still remains unclear, but in other studies the dose of 0.5 μg/kg is widely used with no postoperative complications. in this double blinded randomized controlled trial, the investigators compare the analgesic efficacy of adding dexmedetomidine to local anesthetic in quadratus lumborum block and their role in reduction postoperative opioid consumption after cesarean section

Timeline

Start

2020-02-02

Primary completion

2022-03-01

Completion

2022-03-01

Publications

• Background 1. Snell P, Hicks C. An exploratory study in the UK of the effectiveness of three different pain management regimens for post-cesarean section women. Midwifery. 2006; 22(3):249-61. 2. Betrán A, Ye J, Moller A, et al. The Increasing Trend in Cesarean Section Rates: Global, Regional and National Estimates: 2016;11(2) 3. Gadsden J, Hart S, Santos A. Post-cesarean delivery analgesia. Anesth Analg 2005; 101(5 Suppl): S62-S69. 4. Karlström A, Engström-Olofsson R, Norbergh K, et al. Postoperative pain after cesarean birth affects breastfeeding and infant care. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2007; 36: 430-40. 5. Stephan B, Parsa F. Avoiding Opioids and Their Harmful Side Effects in the Postoperative Patient: Exogenous Opioids, Endogenous Endorphins, Wellness, Mood, and Their Relation to Postoperative Pain. Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health: a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health. 2016 Mar; 75(3):63-7. 6.Mieszkowski M, Zawadzka E, Tuyakov B, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Quadratus Lumborum Block type I using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section - a controlled clinical study. Ginekologia Polska 2018; 89: 89-96. 7. Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after cesarean section: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Anesthesiol. 2015; 32: 812-8. 8. Blanco R, Ansari T, Riad W, et al. Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Postoperative Pain After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016; 41: 757-62. 9. Singh R, Kumar N, Jain A, et al. Addition of clonidine to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block prolongs postoperative analgesia after cesarean section. J Anesthesiol ClinPharmacol 2016; 32:501-4. 10. Sarvesh B, Shivaramu B, Sharma K, et al. Addition of Dexmedetomidine to Ropivacaine in Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Potentiates Postoperative Analgesia among Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Essays Res. 2018; 12(4):809-813. 11.Kirksey M, Haskins S, Cheng J, et al. Local Anesthetic Peripheral Nerve Block Adjuvants for Prolongation of Analgesia: A Systematic Qualitative Review. PLoS One. 2015; 10(9). 12. Varshney A, Prabhu M, Periyadka B, et al. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with levobupivacaine versus levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia following cesarean delivery. J Anesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2019; 35(2):161-164. 13- Qianchuang S, Shuyan L, Huiying u, et.al. Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Local Anesthetics in Transversus Abdominis Plane Block. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Clin J Pain. 2019 Apr; 35(4): 375-384. 14. Carline L, McLeod G, Lamb C. A cadaver study comparing spread of dye and nerve involvement after three different quadratus lumborum blocks. Br J Anesth. 2016; 117(3):387-394. 15. Kılıç E, Bulut E. Quadratus Lumborum Block III for Postoperative Pain AfterPercutaneous Nephrolithotomy. Turk J Anesthesiol Reanim. 2018; 46(4):272-275.

Drugs

Indications

No indication recorded.